RFID is an abbreviation for Radio Frequency Identification. That is, radio frequency identification. Often referred to as inductive electronic chip or proximity card, proximity card, contactless card, electronic tag, electronic barcode, and so on.

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A complete RFID system consists of two parts, Reader and Transponder. The principle is that the Reader emits a certain frequency of infinite wave energy to the Transponder. It is used to drive the Transponder circuit to send the internal ID Code, and the Reader receives the ID Code.

Transponder's speciality is that it is free of battery, contact-free, and free of card, so it is not afraid of dirt, and the chip password is the only one in the world, it can't be copied, it has high security and long life.

The application of RFID is very extensive. Typical applications include animal film, car chip alarm, access control, parking lot control, production line automation, and material management. There are two types of RFID tags: active tags and passive tags.

RFID radio frequency identification is a non-contact automatic identification technology. It automatically recognizes the target object and acquires relevant data through radio frequency signals. The identification work does not require manual intervention. Can be used in a variety of harsh environments. RFID technology can recognize high-speed moving objects and recognize multiple labels at the same time, which is quick and easy to operate.

Short-range RF products are not afraid of harsh environments such as oil stains and dust pollution. Bar codes can be replaced in such environments, such as tracking objects on the assembly line of a factory. Long-range RF products are mostly used for transportation. The recognition distance can reach several tens of meters. Such as automatic charging or identification of vehicle identity.

RFlD technology is now mainly used in the following areas:
(1) In the retail industry, the use of bar code technology has enabled tens of thousands of commodity categories, prices, origins, batches, shelves, inventory, sales and other aspects to be managed in an orderly manner:
(2) Adopting automatic vehicle identification technology, making road and bridge, parking lots and other toll collection places avoid the phenomenon of vehicle queue clearance, reducing time waste, thus greatly improving transportation efficiency and traffic capacity of transportation facilities;
(3) In the automated production line, all aspects of the entire production process are placed under strict monitoring and management;
(4) In the harsh environment of dust, pollution, cold, heat. The use of long-range radio frequency identification technology removes the inconvenience of truck drivers having to get off the bus;
(5) In the operation management of the bus, the automatic identification system accurately records the arrival time of the vehicles at each station along the line, providing real-time and reliable information for vehicle scheduling and full-time operation management.

2 The necessity of RFID in the safety management of hazardous chemicals

Hazardous chemicals as special commodities. Greatly improved people's lives, but its inherent danger also threatens the survival of mankind. If the management of hazardous chemicals is not good, in the event of an accident, it will not only cause significant economic losses to the enterprise, but also have extremely adverse effects on society and the environment. For example, on September 3, 1991, a tank truck equipped with 2.4 tons of 98% methylamine in Guixi Pesticide Plant in Jiangxi Province caused a leakage accident during transportation, causing hundreds of people to be poisoned, 41 of which died (as of 1993). During the annual survey, a large number of livestock, poultry, aquatic animals and plants died, and the contaminated area reached 230,000 square meters. August 5, 1993. An explosion occurred in the dangerous chemical warehouse in Qingshuihe, Shenzhen, killing 15 people and injuring more than 100 people, resulting in direct economic losses of more than 200 million yuan. On June 27, 1997, a large fire and explosion accident occurred in the oil tank area of ​​Beijing Dongfang Chemical Plant. In a short period of time, the entire tank area was completely destroyed, causing 8 deaths and direct economic losses of more than 100 million yuan. March 2005. In the traffic accident of the Huai'an section of the Beijing-Shanghai Expressway, 28 people were killed and 350 injured due to liquid chlorine leakage. These vicious accidents reflect the still serious situation of dangerous chemical safety management in China. The safety management of hazardous chemicals is related to the safety of people's lives and property and the common living environment of mankind. It is imperative to strengthen management.

Because hazardous chemicals are flammable, explosive, toxic, harmful or corrosive, from the production to the use, storage, transportation and management. If it is not properly controlled, it is prone to accidents such as fire or explosion, human poisoning or casualties, and pollution of the ecological environment. With the development of the chemical industry. The types and quantities of hazardous chemicals involved have increased significantly. The flammability, catastrophicity, reactivity and toxicity of hazardous chemicals determine the multiple and serious nature of accidents. The production of modern chemical industry presents the characteristics of diversification, complexity and process connection and pipeline. If the pipeline is broken or the equipment is destroyed, a large amount of flammable gas or liquid will be vented instantaneously, and the vapor cloud will rapidly evaporate to mix with the air to reach the lower explosion limit. If it explodes in an open fire, it will cause an unimaginable disaster. Most dangerous chemicals are harmful to humans. Due to the tight sealing of the equipment, personnel operation errors or improper handling, etc., it is prone to leakage accidents, which may directly lead to acute or chronic poisoning or even death. The ecological environment will also be seriously polluted. In summary, due to the inherent dangers of hazardous chemicals, we may be harmed while taking advantage of their benefits. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the safety management of hazardous chemicals and avoid possible damage and loss to life, property, health and the environment.

At present, the national laws and regulations that have clear legal requirements for the safety management of hazardous chemicals mainly include the "Safety Production Law of the People's Republic of China" (hereinafter referred to as "Safe Production Law") and "Regulations on the Safety Management of Hazardous Chemicals" (State Council 344) Order), "Administrative Measures for the Administration of Dangerous Chemicals" and "Administrative Measures for the Management of Dangerous Chemical Packaging and Containers". Article 32 of the "Safe Production Law" stipulates: "The production, operation, transportation, storage, use of dangerous goods or disposal of discarded dangerous goods shall be examined and implemented by the relevant competent authorities in accordance with the provisions of relevant laws and regulations and national or industrial standards. Supervision and management. Production, business operations, production, operation, transportation, storage, use of dangerous goods or disposal of discarded dangerous goods must implement relevant laws, regulations and national standards or industry standards, establish a special safety management system, and adopt reliable safety measures to accept Supervision and management by the relevant competent authorities in accordance with the law."

On January 26, 2002, the Regulations on the Safety Management of Hazardous Chemicals issued by the State Council Order No. 344 (hereinafter referred to as the “Regulations”) provided a solid legal basis for the current safety management of hazardous chemicals. The "Regulations" consists of 7 chapters and 74 articles covering the production, operation, transportation, storage, use and disposal of hazardous chemicals. The supervision of dangerous chemicals is carried out from the "cradle" to the "grave". Security management. The promulgation and implementation of this regulation will certainly promote the safety management of hazardous chemicals in China.

RFID is one of the important technologies to realize enterprise and social informatization. It can significantly improve the competitiveness and business performance of enterprises as well as reduce the overall application cost. Create new forms of service, new business models and new industrial structures. It highlights vitality in the management and application of hazardous chemicals. At present, Shanghai has introduced local animal electronic label standards. Shanghai's pet and livestock immunity can already be managed by this standard; dangerous chemicals such as liquid chlorine and acetylene, and fireworks and firecrackers management in Shanghai have also begun to be used. Electronic label management. In addition, Shanghai is also developing a biometric-based visitor biometrics standard. An electronic tag-based visitor and its document management system will be established.

3 RFID application in hazardous chemicals safety management business

(1) Application in production management
After the dangerous goods are filled, a unique RFID tag is attached to each dangerous goods package. The safety supervision department inspects the dangerous goods packaging and attaches an irreversible RFID tag to the packaging. The tag information is identified and written by a handheld reader, and then the data is uploaded to the information management center of the Safety Production Supervision Administration through a computer.

(2) After the dangerous goods arrive at the warehouse in the storage management, the information such as the name, quantity, and expiration date of the tag information in the tag information is read by the reader, and different positions with corresponding electronic identification codes are classified according to the warehouse. It includes information on the warehouse, cargo area, shelves and location, and puts dangerous goods in the corresponding shelves. In this way, it effectively prevents human error and confusion. Greatly improved work efficiency.

(3) In the outbound management of dangerous goods in the outbound management, RFID is applied, and the reader antenna is installed at the door of the warehouse. When there is dangerous goods out of the warehouse, the information in the dangerous goods label can be read to the information. The management center, through the logistics department of the warehouse, writes information such as its destination and time to the label and uploads it to the information management center. This can avoid the shipment of dangerous goods, and you can also know the number of dangerous goods that have been sent, so that you can grasp all the whereabouts.

(4) Application in transportation management GPS satellite positioning system is installed on dangerous goods transportation vehicles, and the driving information per minute is in the “control”. If the transportation vehicle is far away from the designated route or enters the sensitive area, the information management center will automatically alarm, and the rear supervision staff can remotely control the vehicle and cut off the vehicle's oil circuit or circuit. At the same time, the information management center can also monitor the presence or absence of violations of the vehicle drivers at any time. If the driver is over-speeded or fatigued for more than 3 hours, he will also report to the rear monitoring station. In addition, if the vehicle collides, the driver simply presses the sensor set on the vehicle, and the information management center manager will receive a mobile phone alarm, which can implement the rescue as quickly as possible and read the danger of transportation through the RFID tag. Product information, take measures in the shortest possible time.

Based on the RFID-based distribution method of dangerous goods logistics, since the beginning of the tracking, all the whereabouts can be mastered regardless of whether the dangerous goods are in the storage center, in transit or in the use of the end users. This kind of distribution method fully understands the whole logistics process, greatly reduces the consumption cost of the traditional management process and improves the work efficiency.

4 Analysis of the problems existing in the promotion of RFID

(1) Standard issues RFID standards generally include two categories: one is technical standards such as symbols, radio frequency identification technology, IC card standards, etc.; the other is standards closely related to RFID applications, such as EPC (electronic product code) and Related software technology. Since each RFID tag has a unique identification code, if its data format is various and incompatible, then RFID products using different standards cannot be used universally, and the standard problem of data format involves each country's own Benefits and security, there have been 13 confrontational situations in which the “ubiquitous ID center” and the US EPC Globat two label standards organizations are incompatible. There is currently no official international standard for RFID products (including various frequency bands), and ISO/IEC 18000 is only a draft. This is bound to hinder the future interoperability and development of RFID products.

However, it should be noted that the Chinese government also pays attention to industrial development and standardization work. The 14 ministries and commissions such as the Ministry of Information Industry, the Ministry of Science and Technology, and the National Standardization Administration Committee are preparing to set up a national-level “Electronic Label Standardization Working Group”. Begin to write the "China White Paper" (tentative name), the new standard will be compatible with international standards under the premise of independent intellectual property rights. It is believed that through the efforts of the national authorities, the technical standards for RFID can be determined, and the standards related to the RFID industry, in November 2003, EPC Globat has launched EPC-1, and China is also strengthening the research work of relevant standards, according to In various industries, it is just around the corner to establish a unified EPC (Electronic Product Code) item coding standard and strive to be in line with international standards.

(2) Security issues Currently widely used passive RFID systems do not have very reliable security mechanisms and cannot be used to keep data confidential. RFID data is also vulnerable to attacks, mainly because the RFID chip itself, and the chip is easily exploited by hackers during the process of reading or writing data. In addition, there is a problem of recognition rate. Because of the great interference of radio signals with liquid and metal ports, the accurate recognition rate of RFID tags is currently only about 80%, and there is still a certain level of maturity required for large-scale practical applications. gap. RFID has a unique ID and this unique ID is placed in the ROM when the chip is made, and the mutual security authentication process can be set between the reader and the tag. With the improvement of the scientific research level, it is believed that the encryption technology will be more perfect, especially It is the government's efforts to develop the implementation and application of China's coding system, and also provides guarantees for ensuring information security and economic security.

(3) Cost problem Relevant information shows that the cost of RFID technology development is relatively high, and it is impossible to form a scale effect in the short term, so the cost of the label has always been high. At present, the price of an RFID tag in China is about 0.7 yuan. The cost of the barcode is generally around 0.02 yuan. In addition to the use of RFID tags, it is also necessary to configure the related equipment. The current price of only one reader is more than $1,000. If the company configures dozens of devices and hundreds of such devices, it is also a huge investment. The cost issue is the most important issue affecting the application of RFID in the field of hazardous chemicals logistics. The data show that the development of screen printing technology is successful, and the cost of RFID tags can be greatly reduced. If the hazardous chemicals supervision and management department can promote the use of RFID in the specific implementation process of GMP and GSP, as long as more enterprises use RFID, the scale benefits will be realized. It is possible to further reduce the cost.

In summary. Although emerging RFID technologies in the field of hazardous chemicals management are just getting started, there are still many problems, but each new thing needs a process to grow. The application of RFID in hazardous chemical production, storage and transportation management can not only improve the efficiency of hazardous chemicals management, make supply chain management more scientific, but also solve the management blind spots in hazardous chemical logistics and ensure dangerous chemistry. The safety and quality of the product. It is conceivable that RFID will cause a revolution in the field of hazardous chemicals logistics management, and become an economic growth point in the future of hazardous chemicals logistics, creating the value it deserves.

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