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Relevant person analysis, when the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" proposal was just passed, the National Development and Reform Commission took the lead, the Ministry of Finance, the State Environmental Protection Administration, the Ministry of Land and Resources, the Ministry of Water Resources, the Ministry of Science and Technology, and other enterprises, such as PetroChina, Sinopec, and State Grid Corporation. A number of high-ranking officials gathered together to discuss "resource price reform", revealing a strong signal that the roadmap for price reform of water, electricity, oil, natural gas, land, coal and other resources is about to take shape.
Zhao Xiaoping, director of the Price Department of the National Development and Reform Commission, stressed that the goal of the reform is to "establish a price formation mechanism that reflects the supply and demand situation of the market and the scarcity of resources".
On October 31, the National Development and Reform Commission released the price situation in the first three quarters. The price of thermal coal increased by about 15% compared with the end of last year. The ex-factory prices of gasoline, diesel and aviation kerosene increased by 17.3%, 16.5% and 27.7% respectively. . In the first three quarters, the ex-factory price of industrial products in China increased by 5.4%, while the overall level of consumer prices rose by 2%.
Five major resource prices "the market has the final say"
The goal of resource price reform with marketization as the core runs through the five major resource price reform programs. Zhao Xiaoping, Director of the Price Department of the National Development and Reform Commission, gave a detailed description.
Petroleum is the top priority of energy. In order to curb the speculative behavior brought about by the adjustment of domestic refined oil price adjustment, the calculation method of the price period will be improved, the external conditions of the refined oil price adjustment will be adjusted, and the supply and demand and price status of domestic and foreign markets will be flexibly reflected. Establish a reasonable interest adjustment mechanism within the upstream and downstream of oil companies, and a price linkage mechanism for related industries; in this case, it is necessary to regulate the fiscal and taxation of oil companies' excessive income, and the financial subsidies for some industries and vulnerable groups.
In response to natural gas prices, Zhao Xiaoping pointed out that "domestic natural gas prices are significantly lower." Gradually increasing the ex-factory price of natural gas, and finally achieving the integration of natural gas prices will be the goal of reform.
On the basis of the Electricity Price Reform Plan, electricity prices have already had clear reform ideas. The specific measures are: establishing a competitive power market in the power generation; the transmission and distribution price is determined by the government in accordance with the principle of “cost-plusâ€. After the development of the power grid is mature, the “revenue limit†and “price limit†incentives are implemented. The more powerful regulation method; the direction of sales price reform is based on the user's free choice of power supplier, the price is determined by the market, and is still formulated by the government in the near future; and the most concerned user price, mentioned in the reform plan: agriculture and Residential electricity prices will be classified separately. Other electricity prices are linked to the on-grid price.
In view of the current domestic coal supply situation, the reform of coal prices will be the most interesting. Zhao Xiaoping’s policy adjustment direction is that the government should fade out the electricity coal price negotiation system and no longer issue reference prices. In the end, it is still "the market has the final say"; the more important thing is to re-establish the coal cost accounting system to internalize external costs such as environmental pollution.
Expanding the scope of water resource fees and appropriately raising the collection standards is the core of water price reform. The first increase in water price is to raise the standard for the collection of urban sewage treatment fees and to implement stepped water prices.
The most prominent highlight of land price reform is the reform of the land acquisition system. That is to raise the compensation standard for land acquisition and ensure that the land replenishment expenses are paid in full and in time. When necessary, compensation should be paid to farmers using the paid income of state-owned land. Formulate and publish the same annual output value of the land acquisition or the comprehensive land price of the land acquisition, and the land acquisition compensation shall be the same price in the same place.
“Green taxation†will play a key role
Some experts also expressed different opinions on the market-oriented resource price adjustment plan.
"Higher degree of marketization does not mean that it will be able to achieve resource conservation or improve utilization." Gao Peiyong, deputy director of the Institute of Finance and Trade Economics of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, said that he is more focused on resource price reform from a tax perspective. .
"In addition to price leverage, there are tax leverage." Chen Dongqi, deputy director of the National Development and Reform Commission's Macroeconomic Research Institute, also holds the same view.
The premise of taxation to play a regulatory role is that microeconomic entities have strong sensitivity to the government's regulatory policies. In other words, it requires a relatively complete market mechanism. Therefore, Gao Peiyong believes that to promote the marketization of resource prices, this is a fundamental policy, and the regulation and control of taxation means is a key link.
According to this, Gao Peiyong gives two levels of resource pricing: one is to reflect the initial price of cost and profit in the process of resource exploitation; the other is to add the additional price of external social cost of resource use. Taxation must assume the additional price function of regulating resources, that is, taxation should be used as an economic means to internalize the external costs of enterprises.
Gao Peiyong believes that the tax adjustment of resource prices should take the "fast train" of a new round of tax reform. The specific proposal is first and foremost a tax policy that adjusts the initial price of the resource. Such as raising the initial price of resources, inhibiting the development of high-energy industries; selectively increasing the tax on some of the scarce resources; enterprises that exceed the resource consumption standards are heavily taxed.
In addition to tax increases, there are tax reductions, such as corporate income tax, value-added tax, etc., tax incentives for the production and sales of resources or resource substitutes; tax incentives for waste materials recycling industry.
Wang Yuqing, deputy director of the State Environmental Protection Administration, gave strong support to Gao Peiyong's views. "Using taxes and fees, adjusting the price of resources and recovering environmental costs." Wang Yuqing called for environmental taxes to be levied as soon as possible.
Wang Yuqing revealed a more detailed policy framework: such as greatly increasing the tax on farmland occupation tax; levying a high tax resource tax on developers who occupy wetlands; rural non-agricultural land is included in the scope of taxation; and adjusting the tax rate and taxes of resource taxes: Change the water resource fee to the water resource tax; increase the resource tax items for land, forests, grasslands and wildlife, and some environmental tax items for environmentally friendly products.
In the consumption chain, the negative tax level of the use of environmentally polluting consumer goods will be raised. In addition, it will also support the development of environmental protection enterprises through tax incentives such as business tax and value-added tax.
"Reforms must be gradual and orderly"
The development of the resource industry provides products to the society, and it also affects social issues such as security, employment, and the environment. How to develop an appropriate resource price level becomes the key.
As a upstream industry of the national economy, the resource industry has a long transmission chain and a wide range of influence. According to relevant experts' estimates, if the resource consumption and environmental damage costs caused by coal mining are included in the coal production cost, the average cost per ton of coal is about 50 yuan, and the cost of other parts of the mine may increase more. The unit cost of minerals currently being annihilated is about 50-100 yuan, and the total cost is 300-600 billion yuan. According to this estimate, the price of mineral products will change greatly, and the impact on the economy will be very obvious.
Therefore, "resource price reform must be gradual," said Zhu Zhigang, deputy finance minister.
"How to flexibly use tax leverage to effectively regulate the supply and demand of investment, trade and energy resources must be studied in depth." Chen Dongqi is also concerned about this. He gave an example of the problem of collecting fuel taxes. Developed countries generally use high tax rates, but there are also differences, France is 300%, Germany 260%, Japan 120%, and the United States 30%. "How high should China levy? From the perspective of energy conservation, it should be higher, but from the perspective of the recent expansion of consumer demand, it can not be too high." Chen Dongqi said.
In this way, in the forthcoming resource price reform line, Ma Kai stressed that resource product price reform “must be balanced, coordinated, and properly handled the interests of all parties.â€
The price reform of resource products has entered the stage of tackling the hardship. The complexity of this reform has been seen in Ma Kai’s speech: “Any big price change is in different industries, and the interests of different market players and different groups of people are different. The process of resource product prices as a base price is particularly broad. It is undoubtedly important to determine the correct direction and objectives for reform, but the difficulty and key lies in choosing the right path, method, steps and timing for reform."
The first step of the five major resource price reforms
â—‹ Comprehensively promote water price reform. Expand the scope of water resource fee collection and raise the collection standard; implement the terminal water price system for farmers, gradually increase the price of agricultural water; comprehensively levy sewage treatment fees, adjust the sewage treatment fee standard to the level of low profit margin as soon as possible; reasonably improve water conservancy projects and urban water supply Price, etc.
â—‹ Actively promote electricity price reform. It is necessary to gradually establish a price formation mechanism in which the price of power generation and electricity sales is formed by market competition, and the price of transmission and distribution is regulated by the government. The on-grid tariff will be gradually transformed from the government to the market competition.
â—‹ Improve the oil and gas pricing mechanism. Adhere to the direction and principle of connecting with international market prices, and establish a mechanism for oil price formation that reflects changes in oil prices in the international market, taking into account factors such as domestic market supply and demand, production costs, and social affordability. Gradually increase the price of natural gas.
â—‹ Fully realize the marketization of coal prices. The government gradually weakened the intervention on the formation of coal prices; researched and established a scientific cost accounting system, comprehensively reflected the cost of coal resources, production costs and environmental costs; improved the coal-electricity price linkage mechanism, and realized the positive interaction of coal-fired electricity prices through market-based methods.
â—‹ Improve the land price formation mechanism. Make the land price truly reflect the supply and demand of the land market and the value of the land, reflecting the scarcity of land resources. Strictly control the scope of administrative allocation of land, expand the scope of bidding, auction, and listing of operating land, and reduce the amount of land to be transferred.
The authenticity of this information has not been confirmed by the international electrical network, for your reference only.
From: "21st Century Business Herald" 
Five major resource price adjustment plans introduced to the government to fade out basic resource pricing
On October 29, at the “Resource Price Reform Seminar†hosted by the National Development and Reform Commission, Zhang Zhuoyuan, a researcher at the Institute of Economics of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, said that it is a good time to start resource price adjustment. He said that this year’s CPI rose much less than “two controlsâ€. “Line†(more than 1% of the month-on-month increase or more than 4% of the three consecutive months), “is conducive to gradually increase the price of resource productsâ€.