Foreword Since 2016, the LED industry has been in a period of rapid development, and by 2018, a new pattern has emerged. Throughout the entire LED industry chain, we can see that the LED chip field is the high-margin link of the LED industry chain. Domestic major LED chip companies have expanded their production, domestic LED chips will have overcapacity problems, chip prices will turn downwards, foreign LED chip manufacturers will be more cautious in expansion, supply growth is limited, China LED chip factory Ao Yangshun Chang, Huacan Optoelectronics, Sanan Optoelectronics, etc., relying on the support policies of local governments, relying on the advantages of capital and scale to actively expand production, the global LED chip production capacity has gradually shifted to mainland China. LED chip market size in 2018 In 2016, LED chip giant Jingyuan Optoelectronics shut down 25% of Blu-ray chip production capacity, LED chip supply and demand relationship changed, LED chip industry began to pick up in the second half of 2016, with the outbreak of small-pitch LED market and LED chip downstream packaging in 2017 The expansion of the industry has led to a certain gap in the supply of LED chips. The output rate of LED chip companies in China is close to 100%, and the output value of LED chips in China has maintained rapid growth. The data shows that in 2017, China's LED chips (excluding Taiwan, the same below) industry output value reached 18.8 billion yuan, an increase of 29.7% compared with 2016, accounting for 40% of the global LED chip production value; China's MOCVD possession of more than 1,600 units, all The net increase was 246 units per year, and the LED chip production capacity accounted for more than 54% of the global total. It is estimated that China's MOCVD machines will continue to increase by 288 units to 2,200 units in 2018. With the expansion of domestic LED chip companies, domestic LED chips will have overcapacity problems, and chip prices will turn downwards. The growth rate of chip output will slow down. It is expected that the output value of China's LED chips will reach 22.5 billion yuan in 2018, up 19.7% year-on-year. The market share of the top three companies will reach 47.8%. China's share in the global LED chip market is gradually increasing LED chip prices are gradually decreasing After years of development, the price of LED chips has been reduced by the improvement of light efficiency. The cost of chip production mainly includes variable cost and fixed cost. The variable cost includes about 65% of substrate, metal organic reaction source and gas, and fixed cost includes depreciation and other about 35%. The improvement of manufacturers' technology has led to the improvement of LED light efficiency. The number of chips that can be cut on the epitaxial wafer per unit area has increased, the cost of chips has decreased, and the price of chips has also decreased year by year. LED chip industry pattern changes According to statistics, in 2016, the market size of China's LED chip industry exceeded RMB 14.5 billion, a year-on-year increase of 11.54%. From the second half of 2016 to 2017, prices stopped falling and rose steadily. With the increase in production capacity of mainland China manufacturers and the gap between technology and Taiwan, the advantages of price, delivery time and market response are obvious. From 2008 to 2016, the national output of LED chips has increased from 50% to 80%. It reached 10.6 billion yuan and imports were 3.3 billion yuan. Due to the obvious price/performance advantage of mainland chip manufacturers, the export ratio has also increased. The export rate in 2015 was 8.1%, and in 2016 it was increased to 9.6%. China LED chip industry output value (100 million yuan) The market share of the top ten global manufacturers has increased from 66.1% in 2010 to 85.3% in 2017. The production capacity of mainland LED chips is concentrated in Sanan Optoelectronics and Huacan Optoelectronics. In addition to Osram, there are still plans to expand production of foreign companies. Other manufacturers have no plans to expand production. Most of China's local chip manufacturers have been unable to expand production and gradually withdraw their production capacity. competition. Although Zhaochi has launched a new LED chip project, the impact on the market in the short term is still very limited. Increased capacity concentration of mainland chip factories It is expected that Sanan Optoelectronics, Huacan Optoelectronics and Aoyang Shunchang will occupy 71% of mainland LED chip production capacity in 2018. LED chip industry development trend In recent years, due to the government's policy support and intensive investment in R&D of enterprises, and with the participation of a large number of LED industry technology experts and teams from Taiwan and South Korea to join local enterprises, the average technical level of domestic LED epitaxial chip companies has developed rapidly and has reached International advanced level. Reducing epitaxy and chip cost is critical to promoting LED applications. In recent years, researchers have started from new technologies, new structures, and new technologies, and through technology innovation, have continuously reduced the cost of epitaxy and chip production. The cost of a white LED package will drop from $25/klm in 2009 to $0.7/klm in 2020. The ultimate goal of LED cost is $0.5/klm, and the average annual cost is down by more than 30%. In addition to luminous efficiency and unit cost, in LED display, backlight and other applications, LED chip's light decay, brightness, color consistency and anti-static ability are also key technical indicators for LED applications. Although the expansion of several major manufacturers alone is amazing, the overall capacity expansion is relatively limited (145%), and the new large-cavity machines such as Veeco's Red Bull, AMD's A7 and some Axitron's R6 are considered. After the main models, the K465i, CRUIS2 and earlier models gradually withdrew from the market, the overall market supply was more concentrated, and the capacity growth rate was lower than expected. In addition, the local government's MOCVD equipment subsidies are relatively more concentrated. Unlike the earlier patterns of rain and dew, local governments are now more inclined to choose companies that have proven to have good operational and management capabilities in market economy competition. The intensity of subsidies also needs to be determined on a case-by-case basis based on the strength of the company and the ability to negotiate, while companies with superior industry status and good taxability are in a better position to bargain with local governments. From the perspective of supply structure, because the expansion schedule and range of Sanan's 2017-2018 is only slightly higher than the expansion rate of the whole industry, compared with Huacan and Australia, although the absolute number of expansion is not small. Ocean, the expansion of production seems too conservative. The supply structure of the LED chip industry has lost the opportunity to transform into a structure similar to the semiconductor foundry industry, and may gradually form a three-pronged pattern similar to the DRAM memory industry. In contrast, assuming that CR3 is equal, the three-legged structure lacks stability, and the competitive strength is higher than one super-strong and higher than the duopoly structure. With a profitability of nearly 75% of the industry's profits, Sanan, the industry leader, has the strength to sacrifice some of its profit-management capacity deterrence strategy, forcing potential entrants (Zhaochi) and forcing competitors (Hua Can, Aoyang Shunchang) ) A more cautious expansion. Although the LED chip industry's several oligarchs will not be blatantly share the output in a formal agreement, but the increasing industry concentration, coupled with the demand for price elasticity of LED chips, will force companies to It is also easy to reach a tacit agreement, and actively limit production and insured. In short, the LED chip market in 2018 will not have a monopoly monopoly pricing, so it is difficult to maintain a high gross profit situation, but there is a high probability that it will not collapse again like 2015. The level of tacit understanding and cooperation between the three oligarchs will become a key factor in determining the price trend of LED chips in 2018. However, the tripoly structure has natural instability, and a new game model is still being formed. With well-known domestic and foreign manufacturers: Well-known domestic manufacturers 1. Sanan Optoelectronics Sanan Optoelectronics Co., Ltd. is an internationally-affected full-color ultra-high brightness LED epitaxial and chip manufacturer, mainly engaged in full-color ultra-high brightness LED epitaxial wafers, chips, compound solar cells and III-V compound semiconductors. R & D, production and sales, product performance indicators are at the international advanced level. 2, Huacan Optoelectronics Huacan Optoelectronics takes technology as the forerunner and brings together international technical forces. The world's advanced level of blue-green LED epitaxial and chip production lines, including MOCVD, ranks among the top in the domestic production. The LED chip market in China has formed a good quality. Word of mouth. 3, Dehao Runda Guangdong Dehao Runda Electric Co., Ltd. is a group company mainly engaged in small household appliances, LED and new energy related businesses. The main business includes LED chips, LED epitaxial wafers, LED lighting, LED display, LED packaging, LED equipment and the manufacture and service of small kitchen appliances. 4. Aoyang Shunchang The company is committed to the development and development of China's metal logistics industry, as long as the business is the development, production and sales of LED chips. 5, dry photo photoelectric Established in February 2006, Xiamen Ganzhao Optoelectronics Co., Ltd. has a total investment of more than 300 million yuan. It is specialized in the research, development and production of red, yellow and orange quaternary LED epitaxial wafers, chips and high-performance GaAs solar cells. Sales of high-tech enterprises. 6, Jucan photoelectric Jucan Optoelectronic Technology (Suzhou) was established on April 8, 2010. Mainly provide all white light processing blue chip, including 8*15, 10*18, 20*38, 40*40 and other product specifications, applied in commercial lighting, industrial lighting, indoor lighting, notebook backlighting, TV backlighting and other fields. 7, Shanghai Blu-ray Established in April 2000, Shanghai Blu-ray Technology Co., Ltd. is a company engaged in the research and development and industrial production of GaN-based LED epitaxial wafers. The main products are: GaN-based high-brightness blue, green epitaxial wafers and chips. 8, Tongfang Optoelectronics Tongfang Optoelectronics Co., Ltd. is a subsidiary of the listed company Tongfang. It has a strong capital background and is mainly engaged in R&D, production and sales of white light chips. The production base is mainly in Nantong, Jiangsu (in 2013, the Beijing base machine has moved to Nantong). At present, the number of MOCVD companies is 59, ranking the fifth in the country. In terms of upstream epitaxial chips, the company relied on the scientific research strength of Tsinghua University and combined with the Chinese Academy of Sciences and some Taiwan R&D teams to successfully master the key technologies of the chip and apply for nearly 100 domestic and foreign patents. The company's small and medium-sized chips have been recognized by major packaging manufacturers, and its chip production value is second only to Sanan. 9, Yuanrong Photoelectric Yuanrong Optoelectronics Technology Co., Ltd. (stock code: 832502) was established at the end of 2010 with a registered capital of 240 million RMB. It is a high-tech industry specializing in the research, development, production and sales of full-color LED epitaxial wafers and chips. 10. Hualei Optoelectronics Xiangneng Hualei Optoelectronics Co., Ltd. was established in June 2008 and is controlled by Hunan Coal Industry Group and other companies. It is a state-owned holding company with a registered capital of 388 million yuan. The company currently mainly produces blue and green epitaxial wafers and white light chips. Chip products are mainly small and medium power. In 2015, the company has formed an annual production capacity of 1.2 million GaN-based blue-green light epitaxy, 1.1 million chips and 2.2 million lamps. Foreign well-known chip manufacturers 1, CREE The famous LED chip manufacturer, CREE, USA, based on silicon carbide (SiC), gallium nitride (GaN), silicon (Si) and related compounds, including blue, green, ultraviolet light-emitting diodes (LED), near-ultraviolet Laser, radio frequency (RF) and microwave devices, power switching devices and silicon carbide (SiC) epitaxial wafers for production and research. 2, OSRAM The world's second largest manufacturer of optoelectronic semiconductors, including lighting, sensors, and image processors. The company is headquartered in Germany with a R&D and manufacturing base in Malaysia with approximately 3,400 employees and 2004 sales of EUR 4.59 billion. OSRAM's most famous product is LED, which is only a few millimeters in length, has multiple colors, low power consumption and long life. 3. NICHIA Nichia, a famous LED chip manufacturer, was founded in 1956 to develop the world's first blue LED (1993), the world's first pure green LED (1995), built around the world. Subsidiary. 4. ToyodaGosei ToyodaGosei: Toyota Synthetic, headquartered in Aichi, Japan, produces auto parts and LEDs. LEDs account for about 10% of revenue. The white LEDs jointly developed by Toyota Synthetic and Toshiba are combined with UV LEDs and phosphors. The way blue LEDs are combined with phosphors is different. 5, Agilent As the world's leading LED supplier, its products provide efficient and reliable light sources for a wide range of products such as automotive, electronic information boards and traffic lights, industrial equipment, cellular phones and consumer products. The high reliability of these components typically ensures that the source is not replaced during the life of the device. Agilent's low-cost dot matrix LED displays, a wide range of seven-segment displays and Agilent's range of LED strips are available in a variety of packages and colors. 6, TOSHIBA Toshiba Semiconductor is a major supplier of automotive LEDs, particularly instrument panel backlights, car radios, navigation systems, and climate control units. The technique used is InGaAlP with wavelengths from 560 nm (puregreen) to 630 nm (red). Recently, Toshiba has developed a new technology UV+phosphor (UV+Fluorescence). The LED chip emits ultraviolet light, which combines to emit various kinds of light, such as white light, pink, and green light. 7, LUMILEDS LumiledsLighting is a global leader in high-power LED and solid-state lighting. Its products are widely used in lighting, television, traffic signals and general lighting. LuxeonPowerLightSources is a patented product that combines the small size and long life of traditional lamps and LEDs. Also available in a variety of LED chips and LED packages, including red, green, blue, amber, white and other LEDs. LumiledsLighting is headquartered in the United States, the factory is located in the Netherlands, Japan, Malaysia, a joint venture between Agilent and Philips in 1999, Philips in 2005 completely Acquired the company. 8, SSC Seoul Semiconductor is Korea's largest manufacturer of LED environmentally friendly lighting technology and one of the top eight manufacturers in the world (source: StrategiesUnlimited--LED market research company). Seoul Semiconductor's main business is the production of full-line LED assembly and custom module products, including AC-driven semiconductor light source products such as: Acriche, side light LED, top light LED, slice LED, plug-in LED and piranha (super light) LED Wait. Products have been widely used in general lighting, display lighting, mobile phone backlights, televisions, laptops, automotive lighting, household items and traffic signals. 9, SemiLEDs Xu Ming It is the world's leading high performance light emitting diode (HPLED) for general lighting applications. SemiLEDs' LED chips are the smartest and most effective in today's market. With copper alloy substrates, SemiLEDs have successfully developed and commercial MvPLED technology (metal vertical photonic diodes). With metal substrates and unique device construction, SemiLEDs' HPLEDs have better electrical and thermal conductivity resulting in higher brightness, efficiency and better heat transfer for lighting applications, including displays, signage, communications, automotive and General lighting. 10. SDK Showa Denko It is a representative comprehensive chemical society in Japan. It has been developing liquid chromatography since the 1960s and has a production history of more than 40 years. It produces various special columns of more than 800 models including GPC, GFC, special column for sugar analysis, ion exchange chromatography column, affinity chromatography column, organic acid analysis column, chiral separation column and ion chromatography. In the future, the company plans to increase the LED business revenue from 10 billion yen in 2007 to 150 billion to 20 billion yen.
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