As 3GPP was held in the United States on June 14, the fifth generation mobile communication technology standard (5GNR) independent networking function was approved at the meeting. In addition, on December 21, 2017, at the 78th plenary meeting of the International Telecommunication Standardization Organization 3GPP RAN, the first version of 5G NR was officially frozen and released. The first stage of the full-featured full version of the 5G standard was officially launched, which also marked a new phase of the industry's comprehensive sprint. So far, the hustle and bustle of 5G can come to an end.

Regarding what 5G technology is, many people are supposed to be "Jiao Er's monk, who has no idea." In many cases, I just hear everyone's opinions. The hottest topic is not what is the standard of 5G, but the lace news that everyone can be more obvious. Below, follow the editor to understand 5G simply and quickly. First of all, we have to give 5G a conceptual definition first, that is what exactly is 5G. According to the general opinion of the profession, 5G is the fifth generation mobile phone mobile communication standard, also known as the fifth generation mobile communication technology. It's as if everyone is familiar with 4G as the fourth generation of mobile communication technology. 5G is just an industry-defined standard, not a specific kind.

Internationally, 3GPP is a 5G standard-setting organization. It was established in December 1998, and its members include telecommunications standards development associations such as ETSI in Europe, ARIB and TTC in Japan, CCSA in China, and ATIS in North America. The main purpose of its establishment is to create rules and contracts for the contradictions among the members of the agreement. In simple terms, it is a peacemaker with more social status. The initial scope of work of 3GPP is to develop globally applicable technical specifications and technical reports for the third generation mobile communication system (mainly UMTS). Later, everyone saw that it is more reliable to do so, and it has been on the road of 4G and 5G.

In addition to organization partners, 3GPP also has market representative partners, that is, partners who participate in 3GPP to provide advice and put forward market requirements for some projects. Others also have some individual members who register to join 3GPP as independent members, own and organize partner members. The same 3GPP decision and voting rights. Among them, there are people we are familiar with, such as operators AT & T, Verizon, CMCC, etc. Ericsson, NSN & Noki, Huawei, ZTE and other equipment vendors, the 3GPP working group does not formulate standards, but provides technical specifications (TS) and technical reports (TR), and is approved by TSG. Once TSG approves, it will be submitted to the organization ’s Members are carrying out their own standardized processing procedures. There is a so-called vote.

Regarding the question of voting, many experts and all parties have different opinions, so I won't mention them here. So now everyone understands what the standard of 5G is, so why should we develop 5G, where is 5G stronger than 4G? First of all, why should we develop 5G? Because the times are developing and technology is advancing, with the concept of the Internet of Everything, the future requirements for traffic speed will be higher and higher. In China, the previous patents were all in the hands of Western companies. Chinese companies who want to use their technology have to pay large patent fees. The proposal and formulation of the 5G technology can also enable China to participate in it and master more voice in the future. Compared with 4G, in what ways has 5G improved?

If from 1G to 2G is a revolution from analog to digital, 2G to 3G is a revolution from digital to data communications, 3G to 4G is mainly the increase in speed and capacity. 4G to 5G is a revolution in application scenarios. There are three major application scenarios for 5G, namely high rate, large connection, and low latency and high reliability. That is to say, from now on, wireless communication is no longer purely person-to-person and person-to-network communication, but will penetrate into various vertical industries. It is aimed at areas such as autonomous driving, unmanned driving, and big data cloud computing. Then the 5G era will be an era in which wireless communication and applications in various industries are combined, promoted and interconnected.

First of all, we must remember that a formula is c = λν, 1G, 2G, 3G, or the current mainstream 4G, 5G are carried out on this basis. Compared with 4G, 5G added mmWave, that is, millimeter wave. Because the frequency band under 3Ghz has been exhausted, in order to meet the needs of 5G, a large bandwidth user, you can only rely on the high frequency band, but the higher the frequency, the worse the coverage will be. What to do at this time, is to use many antennas to send and receive signals. Compared with the pediatrics of 4 antennas and 8 antennas in the 4G era, when the 5G frequency is 30Ghz, the base station can use up to 256 antennas to send and receive at the same time. When using 70Ghz frequency, the base station can use up to 1024 antennas.

In addition, because the higher the frequency and the shorter the wavelength, the antenna will become shorter, and the millimeter wave, the antenna can also become millimeter-level, which means that in mobile phones, you can stuff more and more without pressure With multiple antennas, Massive MIMO technology has evolved the signal base stations from a few to a small antenna array. And the signal direction can be adjusted in two dimensions, horizontal and vertical, which can make the energy more concentrated and the direction more accurate, reduce the interference between users, and support more users to transmit on the same resource in parallel through more air separation. Improve the overall throughput rate.

In the future, 5G networks are developing in the direction of network diversification, broadbandization, integration, and intelligence. With the popularity of various smart terminals, mobile data traffic will show explosive growth in 2020 and beyond. In the future 5G network, reducing the cell radius and increasing the number of low-power nodes is one of the core technologies to ensure that the future 5G network supports 1000 times traffic growth. Therefore, ultra-dense heterogeneous networks have become the key technology for future 5G networks to increase data traffic.

In China, experts have a good and positive attitude towards the upcoming 5G. As early as 2009, Huawei had already carried out early research on related technologies, and showed 5G prototype base stations to the outside world in the next few years. On November 6, 2013, Huawei announced that it will invest US $ 600 million in R & D and innovation of 5G technology by 2018, and predicts that users will enjoy 20Gbps commercial 5G mobile networks in 2020.

Chen Zhaoxiong, Deputy Minister of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, said: "5G is the main direction of the development of the new generation of mobile communication technology and an important part of the next generation of information infrastructure. Compared with 4G, it will not only further improve the user's network experience, but also meet the future. Application requirements for the Internet of Everything. "

Zhang Feng, chief engineer of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, said earlier that my country will achieve commercialization of 5G networks in 2020. Recently, Zhang Feng once again revealed the relevant work of the next stage of China's 5G development: "Accelerate R & D and innovation, increase the intensity of 5G technology, standards and product research and development, build an international 5G test platform; strengthen frequency coordination, rely on the International Telecommunication Union Communication and coordination, strive to form more 5G unified frequency bands; deepen pragmatic cooperation, establish extensive and in-depth exchange and cooperation mechanisms, and actively promote the formation of globally unified 5G standards under the international framework; promote integrated development and strengthen the integration and innovation of 5G and vertical industries Research, using industrial Internet, Internet of Vehicles and other key industries as breakthroughs to build a 5G network that supports the development of the industry. "

Huang Biao, deputy chief engineer of the National Radio Monitoring Center, said: "At present, China is steadily advancing 5G research and development, and has properly led the work schedule of the International Telecommunication Union. It is believed that China will play a further role in the 5G standardization process than the 4G period. Improvement will make an irreplaceable contribution to the development of the global 5G industry. "

At present, the first stage of 5G technology has come to an end, and everyone is ready for the next step of product development and infrastructure construction. I hope that everyone can learn more about the technology through the popular science of editors, and the technology has come to our lives. Change.

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