In the Department of Electronic Engineering at the University, we have learned that "full duplex" (send and receive) must be done at different frequencies or at different times (technically half-duplex). That is to say, if transmission and reception are not performed simultaneously at different frequencies, they are transmitted and received at the same frequency at different times. However, according to researchers at Columbia University in New York, this one-way "full duplex" is actually a lie. Columbia University researchers recently demonstrated a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) chip called the Columbia High Speed ​​and Millimeter Wave IC (CoSMIC) that doubles at the same frequency and doubles Wireless communication speed. CoSMIC Lab's full-duplex transceiver ICs are built in nanometer-scale CMOS for simultaneous transmission and reception over the same frequency. Harish Krishnaswamy, a professor of electrical engineering at Columbia University, said: "Before this, it was generally considered impossible to achieve full duplex at the same frequency, because if you transmit and receive simultaneously at the same frequency, the receiver will be due to the transmitter. Interference and failure - the transmitter's interfering signal may be a billion times stronger than the signal it needs to receive. But we have designed a cancellation mechanism for echo or self-interference that can be accurate in parts per billion. Filtering the interference from the transmitter, making the received signal easier to detect after interference cancellation." According to Krishnaswamy, if there is no such research team to develop such a circuit, "full duplex" is nothing more than trying to hear someone whispering something while someone is yelling at the door. Krishnaswamy is currently working with Columbia University PhD candidate Jin Zhou on the study. "But if you can somehow eliminate or block the screams next to it, be aware that you have to eliminate the near-perfect, then you can hear these whispers," Krishnaswamy said. "We have found achievable This ideal method allows a complete transmission of this electromagnetic wireless signal with a tiny CoSMIC chip." Traditional RF communication (left) and simultaneous two-way full-duplex (right) at the same frequency double the speed. Krishnaswamy's so-called "echo cancellation" or "self-interference cancellation" mechanism - CoSMIC - is installed at the input of the receiver to suppress the loud transmission signal so that a quiet receiver signal can be heard. "The key innovation of the chip is to eliminate the self-interference of the transmitter with a precision of one part per billion. It must replicate the transmitter self-interference almost exactly. This is extremely difficult to achieve, especially since the emitter is reflecting objects in the vicinity. , its self-interference or echo will be distorted and changed." In principle, all RF communications are best suited for this technology, Krishnaswamy pointed out that his research team has designed a circuit that can achieve this goal on a single chip. Researchers will begin to try to double the speed of wireless signals—especially Wi-Fi and cellular communications for smartphones and tablets. "Wireless communications are facing the need to respond to 5G advances by 1,000X times the data capacity, which will present significant challenges, and the full-duplex industry will play a very important role in achieving this goal," Krishnaswamy said. In addition to RF, this technology can also be used to double the capacity of an optical communication channel. "We have been thinking about optics, but in the near future, we are expected to master wireless technology more effectively," Krishnaswamy added. According to Krishnaswamy and Zhou, the CMOS chips they developed must be manufactured in nanometer scale to achieve a one-billionth elimination rate. In order to implement a commercially available chip package, the research team is working with a team of Gil Zussman, a professor of electronic engineering systems. In addition, DARPA also sponsored the study. Diwali Diya Design scented candle is tea light candle. It is popular used for Malaysia market, it is made by paraffin wax and stearic acid. The weight is from 7tg to 23g, and burning time is from 2hours to 8hours. We can make different colors, such as white, red, yellow, green, etc, and among these, white is the most common tealight. 10G Tealight Candle,Yellow Tealight Candle,Flameless Tealight Candle,Mini Unscented Tealight Candle Shijiazhuang Zhongya Candle Co,. Ltd. , https://www.zycandlefactory.com
