Users who experience the 4G network for the first time usually send out such a sigh: "4G is really fast, it feels much faster than 3G." Indeed, compared to the Internet speed in the 3G era, 4G is indeed several times faster; but can you imagine? One technology is 100 times faster than the current 4G speed! That's right, this is the future 5G - the fifth generation of mobile communication technology, download speeds of up to 10Gb per second, and it will bring more than just the speed of the Internet, it will bring a lot of unprecedented experience. Ready? Let's get to know 5G with us and feel the charm of the 5G era in advance! A key point in time: 2020 The first thing to emphasize is that 5G (fifth-GeneraTIon), the fifth generation mobile communication technology, has no real standard at present. Therefore, the current "5G" can only be regarded as synonymous with the next evolution of 4G/LTE+. However, in the field of mobile communication technology, technology has become a "convention". Before the real standard has been determined, major organizations and vendors have begun to take action: In 2009, equipment manufacturers opened 5G-related early technology research, and in 2011 and 2012, 5G prototype base stations with peak speeds of 50Gbps were demonstrated. In 2012, the ITU (International Telecommunication Union) launched the 5G standardization pre-research and development plan, which will conduct demand vision research and future technology trend research in three years; and also conduct spectrum demand and candidate frequency band research before November 2015; The 5G standardization process will be launched in mid-2015, and candidate technology proposals will be launched at the end of 2017 or early 2018, and we will strive to complete the 5G standard formulation by 2020. In February 2013, the European Union announced that it will allocate 50 million euros to accelerate the development of 5G mobile technology, and plans to introduce mature standards by 2020. At the same time, it will enter the 5G R&D phase with the help of 5G PPP (5G Infrastructure Public-Private Partnership). In the specific three phases, 2014-2016 is the basic research and vision establishment phase, 2016-2018 is the system optimization and pre-standardization phase, and 2018-2020 is the scale trial and initial standardization phase. In May 2013, another manufacturer said that it had pioneered the development of the first mobile transmission network based on 5G core technology - the downlink rate reached 1Gbps in the 28GHz band, and plans to start commercializing the network in 2020. Through the above introduction, it is not difficult to find that it is only possible to officially launch the 5G standard by 2020. During this period, demand and vision survey, spectrum selection and determination, and candidate technology PK will be the main theme. The change of the times puts forward "hard demand" for 5G Recalling the development of mobile communication technology, in the 1980s, voice services were emerging demand, so 1G based on analog cellular technology came into being. Then, in the 1990s, the demand for voice services increased day by day. At this time, digital technology has become a necessity to replace analog technology. Based on digital cellular technology based on time division multiple access (TDMA) and frequency division multiple access (FDMA) technology, 2G (GSM) further improves the quality of voice calls, improves spectrum utilization efficiency, and reduces networking costs. To meet the needs of new business (voice and SMS) in the 1990s. Demand drives the evolution of mobile technology (picture from Baidu Library) In the 21st century, multimedia applications have gradually become mainstream, and the demand for "mobile broadband" has come. The emergence of 3G, which is characterized by code division multiple access (CDMA), has well supported data and multimedia services. In the last two years, mobile Internet In full swing, the demand for "mobile broadband" has further increased. 4G, which is characterized by orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) and multiple input multiple output (MIMO), has become the key to supporting broadband data and mobile Internet services. It can be seen that demand is driving the development of mobile technology. Therefore, although the current 5G standard is still far away, considering the huge terminal access, data traffic demand brought by the Internet of Things and the Internet of Things, and the increasing demand for a variety of application experiences, some "hard demand" about 5G has been advanced. Has been widely recognized in the industry. In terms of capacity, 5G will achieve 1000 times more mobile data traffic per unit area than 4G; in terms of transmission rate, typical user data rate will increase by 10 to 100 times, peak transmission rate can reach 10Gbps; in terms of delay, end-to-end The delay is 4 times shorter than 4G; in terms of accessibility, the number of networkable devices is increased by 10 to 100 times; in addition, in terms of reliability, the battery life of low-power MMC (machine type equipment) will increase by 10 times. Seize the 5G opportunity to control the future of mobile communications I believe that everyone has heard such a sentence, "three-stream enterprises to do products, second-rate enterprises to do brands (or services), first-class enterprises to do standards," the importance of standards is self-evident. However, from the 1G to 4G era, China's communications industry is more of a "participant" role, that is, in the passive position of "technical input," and to change this, we must seize the opportunity of 5G standards, control The future direction of 5G technology and the value of the future will eventually open the "golden key" of the 5G era and control the future of mobile communications. To this end, in February 2013, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the National Development and Reform Commission, and the Ministry of Science and Technology jointly established the IMT-2020 (5G) Promotion Group. The promotion team includes major operators, manufacturers, universities and research institutions in China, aiming to aggregate China's industry-university research and development, promote China's fifth-generation mobile communication technology (standardization) research and conduct international exchanges and cooperation. In May 2014, the IMT-2020 (5G) Promotion Group released its first 5G white paper, The 5G Vision and Requirements White Paper. The white paper points out that 5G needs to have higher performance than 4G, supporting a user experience rate of 0.1-1 Gbps, a connection density of one million per square kilometer, an end-to-end delay of milliseconds, and tens of Tbps per square kilometer. Flow density, mobility above 500Km per hour and peak rate of tens of Gbps. Six key performance indicators are proposed, including user experience rate, connection density, end-to-end delay, traffic density, mobility, and user peak rate. User experience rate refers to the lowest transmission available to users in real network environments. rate. At the same time, the white paper also pointed out that 5G needs to greatly improve the efficiency of network deployment and operation. Compared with 4G, spectrum efficiency is increased by 5-15 times, energy efficiency and cost efficiency are more than 100 times. 5G vision and demand (picture from IMT official website) Through comparison, it is not difficult to find that China's "5G vision and demand" is more comprehensive and detailed than the "hard demand" proposed by ITU. As shown in the above figure, the safflower green leaves complement each other – the five performance indicators of 5G reflect the ability of 5G to meet the needs of future diversified business and scenarios; and the three efficiency indicators are the basic guarantee for China to achieve 5G sustainable development. .
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