1 Automotive Electronics Overview

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In recent years, increasingly strict safety and environmental protection technology regulations and users' demanding individualized use requirements have forced manufacturers to rely on electronic technology to continuously improve the performance of their products. It can be said that every advancement made in automotive technology is inseparable. The application of electronic technology in automobiles. The application of electronic technology has almost penetrated into all the systems of automobiles. The proportion of electronic products in the cost of complete vehicles has increased year by year, and some have reached 40% to 50%. The automotive electronic device is divided into two parts, the vehicle and the vehicle. The vehicle electronic device is an electronic device that can be used independently in the automobile environment. It has no direct relationship with the performance of the car itself, including multimedia audio and navigation systems. It can be installed and used as long as it meets the requirements of the car's use environment (electrical environment, electromagnetic environment, mechanical environment, climatic environment, chemical environment). Off-board electronic devices are electronic devices related to computer control systems. Their technical content is quite high, which directly affects the performance of the whole vehicle. There are three main aspects:

1) Electronic devices in electronic control systems such as electromechanical combined engines, chassis, and body: such as ECUs, sensors, power semiconductor devices, etc.

2) Simple electronic control systems for monitoring alarms, such as tire pressure monitoring systems (TPMS), reversing radars, etc.

3) Automotive electronic network system based on distributed control unit around reducing in-vehicle connection and realizing data sharing and fast exchange. Such as CAN bus, LIN bus.

Domestic and international automotive electronics standardization work is also mainly for off-vehicle automotive electronic devices.

2 Status and development trend of international automotive electronics standards

In the international and foreign advanced standards such as ISO, SAE, JASO, the standards of automotive electronics are increasing rapidly, closely tracking the development of new automotive technologies, and greatly promoting the application of electronic technology in automobiles. As a large automobile producing country, American automotive electronics technology is in the world's leading level. Automobile regulations and standards have a wide range of influences in the world. The automotive electronic standards in the SAE standard first appeared in the late 1980s. In recent years, there have been many standard revision projects. Fast, especially in the field of network communication protocol standards, has been widely concerned by countries. ISO/TC22/SC3 is responsible for standardization in the field of automotive electrical and electronic technology. The committee has become the most active and most work-oriented organization. Currently, the key work items of ISO/TC22/SC3 are mainly connected to the devices involved in the entire circuit network (eg Electrical connectors, cables, connectors, fuses, smart switches), communication networks connecting the various controller nodes, and environmental and electromagnetic interference and diagnostic aspects of electrical and electronic equipment that ensure the proper operation of electrical and electronic equipment connected to the network. Standard. The development trend of international automotive electronics standards is related to the wide-ranging and fundamental aspects related to electronic control systems and networks connecting electronic control systems, including automotive electronic terminology, electrical and electronic equipment environmental conditions, network communication protocols and diagnostics. Protocol, electromagnetic immunity, etc.

3 Overall situation of China's automotive electronics standards

Compared with the development of automotive electronic products, China's automotive electronics standardization work is obviously lagging behind, product development lacks norms, affecting the development of the industry, and the automotive sub-technical committees under the Automobile Standardization Committee are not competent to manage high-tech standards. To this end, the Automotive Standards Committee organized the establishment of the Automotive Electronics Standards Working Group in 2002 to develop standardization work in the field of new automotive technologies. In the past few years, the working group has actively promoted the development of automotive electronic standards, including sensors, buses, tire pressure monitoring systems, commercial vehicle alarm systems, automotive electronics terminology, electrical and electronic equipment environmental conditions, electromagnetic immunity, vehicle OBD, 42V electrical system standards. At present, we are making progress or making technical reserves. At present, we have completed the review of three standards of oxygen sensor, reversing radar and electromagnetic immunity. The series of standards for extra-large bus communication protocols are seeking comments, and we have organized CAN bus international technical exchange. activity. In order to carry out electronic standardization work more efficiently, the Automotive Standards Committee is applying to establish a technical committee for the standardization of automotive electronics and electromagnetic compatibility.

The research and formulation of China's automotive electronic standards closely follows the results of international automotive electronics standardization work. Based on the international automotive electronics standards, it is based on China's national conditions. Currently, it is mainly formulated for three levels of products, including five major aspects:

1) A large number of product standards for components or components such as ECUs, sensors, and power semiconductor devices.

2) Product standards for simple electronic control systems for monitoring alarms.

3) Network communication protocol standards that connect multiple control systems.

4) Electromagnetic immunity standards that affect the reliable operation of all electronic products.

5) Basic standards: terminology, graphic symbols, environmental conditions of electrical and electronic equipment (electrical environment (including 42V electric system), mechanical environment, climatic environment, chemical environment).

Among them, the 1) major standards are numerous and miscellaneous, mainly based on the standards, mainly referring to the corporate standards of each company. Other major aspects are based on national standards, mainly referring to ISO and SAE standards.

4 Status of China's automotive electronics standards

The current revision of the standard project and the key work items for the next few years are shown in Table 1.

Table 1

Among the more important ongoing projects are:

1) GB/T××××Commercial Vehicle Control System Local Area Network (CAN Bus) Communication Protocol, the standard structure is:

Part 1: Physical layer - shielded twisted pair (250 kbit/s) (corresponding to SAE1939-11);

Part 2: Physical layer - off-board diagnostic connector (corresponding to SAE 1939-13);

Part 3: Physical layer - unshielded twisted pair (250K bits / s) (corresponding to SAE 1939-15);

Part 4: Data Link Layer (corresponding to SAE 1939-21);

Part 5: Application layer - vehicle (corresponding to SAE 1939-71);

Part 6: Application Layer - Diagnostics (corresponding to SAE 1939-73);

Part 7: Network Management (corresponding to SAE 1939-81);

Part 8: Parameter group assignment (corresponding to SAE 1939 Appendix A);

Part 9: Address and Identity Assignment (corresponding to SAE 1939 Appendix B);

Part 10: Suspicious Parameter Number (SPN) (corresponding to SAE 1939 Appendix C);

Part 11: Network layer (corresponding to SAE1939-31).

2) GB/T ×××× “Electrical disturbance caused by conduction and coupling of road vehicles”, including three parts: Part I: Definition and general description; Part II: Electrical transient conduction along the power line; Part III : Vehicles with a nominal voltage of 12V/24V pass electrical and inductively coupled electrical transients (wires other than the power line).

3) Bus and commercial vehicle alarm systems above 3.5t;

4) Automotive electronics terminology; important projects to be launched immediately are:

1) Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS);

2) Environmental conditions for electrical and electronic equipment, including 5 parts: Part 1: General requirements; Part 2: Electrical loads; Part 3: Mechanical loads; Part 4: climatic loads; Part 5: Chemical loads.

3) Road vehicles - electrical and electronic equipment with a supply voltage of 42V - electrical load;

4) Road vehicles - test methods and requirements for data cables.

Important items in the technical tracking and preparation process are: On-Board Diagnostic System (OBD) for emission control. There are also a number of product standard projects in progress and follow-up.

5 Summary

With the continuous development of technology and products, the whole industry pays more and more attention to standards. Especially in the high-tech field, the boom in the development and use of automotive electronic technology has an urgent need for automotive electronic standardization work, and at the same time lacks the core technical support of enterprises. The electronic standardization work is also passive, but standards and products promote each other, and automotive electronic standardization work has a long way to go.

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