Separating or synthesizing signals within the system is typically done by power as a rate splitter/synthesizer at RF and microwave frequencies. An ideal power splitter is also an ideal power combiner, but this is not always the case. Components are not all designed for reverse operation. In addition, all power splitters and synthesizers have some insertion loss that inevitably affects power handling. However, distribution/synthesizers, despite their shortcomings, still play a key role in advanced systems and are still among the most important passive RF/microwave components. This article first reviews some of the key performance parameters that need to be considered when selecting a power splitter or synthesizer. Later, several examples from major vendors are explored.

To choose one of these components, the easiest way is not to detail the different design methods when implementing a power splitter or synthesizer, but rather to consider the required functions (signal distribution or synthesis), working bandwidth. , the expected power level, and the number of ways the signal must be allocated or the number of signals to be synthesized. For example, a binary power divider provides two output signals of substantially the same amplitude from one input. High-order (4-way, 8-way, etc.) power splitters can be obtained by concatenating multiple two-way splitters. Similarly, multiple 3-way power splitters can be combined to obtain an odd-numbered output power splitter.

How well a particular power splitter is used as a power combiner is usually related to the design method and internal components such as resistors. Meca Electronics offers application notes ("Application Note MAP-801") for free on its webpage, entitled "Why Most Power Dispensers Discomfort with Power Synthesizers", this application note explains the selected power splitter at the same time A problem to consider when using it as a power combiner.

For educational purposes, Micro-lab/FXR also provides an excellent application note on power splitters and synthesizers, reviewing basic differences in components such as resistance, reactance, Wilkinson, quadrature, branch lines, Node and T-type power distribution/synthesizer. This application note is available free of charge from the Microlab/FXR web page. The company's new DX-N series of unbalanced splitters are designed to provide a power distribution ratio of up to 30:1 or close to 2:1. This dispenser is ideal for 800~2,500MHz indoor wireless communication applications. This unbalanced splitter can handle 300W average power and 1kW peak power.

In general, choosing a power splitter or synthesizer is a key performance parameter, including insertion loss, isolation between ports, proximity of the separated signal (output amplitude imbalance), and signal phase proximity of the separated signal ( Output phase imbalance)). In addition, the rated power is usually critical, as defined by the maximum input power (assuming impedance matching conditions) and the maximum internal load dissipation (rated power rating of the internal termination). Another key parameter is the return loss or VSWR, which indicates how well the component impedance matches the characteristic impedance of the intended application.

The power splitter causes a phase difference in the output signal. For example, a 0° power splitter separates an input signal into two or more outputs of the same amplitude and phase. The phase difference between the output signals of the 90° hybrid distributor is 90°. For a 180° hybrid splitter, when the input is applied to the input and output, an input signal can be split into two output signals of the same amplitude and phase. However, when the input signal is applied to the differential input port, the resulting output signals have the same amplitude but 180° out of phase.

For example, Mini-Circuits' surface mount SP-2C1+ two-way power splitter/synthesizer is a 0° component with a package size of only 0.106 inches & TImes; 0.087 inches & TImes; 0.035 inches (2.69 & TImes; 2.21 & TImes; 0.8?mm ). The RoHS-compliant power splitter/synthesizer is designed for 6?0~1,100MHz applications where the insertion loss is typically 0.4dB and the port-to-port isolation is typically 20dB. The power splitter/synthesizer is suitable for mobile phones and other wireless applications. As a splitter, it handles a maximum input power of 1.5W with a maximum internal power consumption of 0.75W.

For wider broadband applications, the company also offers the ZB4PD-232-50W+ coaxial 4-way power distribution/synthesizer for 600~2,300MHz applications with SMA connectors for 0° components. Each of the four ports of this component can handle up to 50W. The typical insertion loss of the device is 0.9dB over the frequency range of 1800~2,000MHz, and the typical isolation is 28dB in the same frequency range. Typical isolation is 19dB. In the frequency range of 600~2,300MHz, the 4-way power synthesis/distributor generally controls the amplitude imbalance to 0.05dB, and the phase is generally controlled to 0.9° in the same frequency range. The VSWR of all ports is equal to or better than 1.20:1.

Mini-Circuits also offers a designer toolkit with a large number of power distribution/synthesizer examples in different frequency ranges. Taking the K1-QCN designer toolkit as an example, 10 different distributor models are given between 220 and 4,500 MHz, and the power processing capability is up to 15 W. Each model provides two examples. These QCN power distribution/synthesizer insertion losses are typically 0.4 dB and isolation is typically 32 dB. They are small ceramic packages measuring only 0.012 x 0.60 x 0.35 inches.

From a power perspective, few companies can catch up with Werlatone. For example, Werlatone's D5738 two-way power splitter/synthesizer has a continuous wave rated power of 12,500 W in the 1.5 to 30.0 MHz range. The component is fan cooled, with low insertion loss of 0.2 dB and minimum port isolation of 20 dB. The maximum VSWR is 1.25:1. The amplitude imbalance is at most 0.2 dB and the phase imbalance is at most 5°. For higher frequency applications, the company offers a 38?7 dual power distribution/synthesizer with a continuous wave power rating of 1,000W at frequencies between 500 and 1,000 MHz. With a minimum isolation of 18dB, the insertion loss is only 0.2dB. There are a variety of connectors available, including N-type, SMA and BNC types.

Krytar's Model 6005265 is a broadband two-way power splitter with a frequency range of 0.5 to 26.5 GHz and a maximum insertion loss of 1.9 in this frequency range. The full-band amplitude imbalance is 0.5 dB, and the isolation is 19 dB when the phase imbalance is 10°. The two-way power distribution/synthesizer uses a special match line configuration to achieve high directivity. A 3.5mm coaxial connector is available with a nominal input power level of 10W.

Aeroflex/Weinschel offers resistive power splitters and synthesizers from DC to 40 GHz. For example, the Model 1575 is a resistive two-way power splitter with a nominal insertion loss of 6 dB from DC to 40 GHz. This wideband power splitter is equipped with a 2.92mm connector. Under 1W rated continuous wave power input, the amplitude imbalance is better than 0.2dB, and the phase imbalance is better than 2°.

Renaissance Electronics offers power distribution/synthesizers with a 400MHz series of two-way up to 16-way configurations. The series is designed for applications in the 400~500MHz frequency range with excellent performance, insertion loss of 0.15dB, isolation of 21dB and VSWR of 1.20:1. The rated input power is 200W CW.

Anaren Microwave offers a wide range of miniature power splitters ranging from 400MHz to 8GHz. These miniature splitters are only 0.79 x 0.49 inches (2.00 x 1.25 mm). For example, the PD0922J5050D2 is a miniature surface mount Wilkinson power splitter ideal for mobile phone applications with a typical insertion loss of 0.7dB in the 950~2150MHz frequency range, a typical isolation of 12dB, and a power rating of 2W CW. . This power splitter is RoHS compliant and is made of ceramic filled PTFE synthetic material for good thermal stability.

Marine High Temperature Pressure Sensor

Product overview high temperature pressure sensor is a signal measuring element. The measured medium pressure is transmitted to the sensor through the heat dissipation structure on the transmitter. The high-precision signal processing circuit is located in the stainless steel shell to convert the sensor output signal into standard output signal. The whole product has undergone strict testing and aging screening of components, semi-finished products and finished products, with stable and reliable performance, so that the product can work stably for a long time when used for pressure measurement of high-temperature medium. Product features 1. 316L stainless steel isolation diaphragm structure 2. Imported high temperature resistant chip 3. Wide applicable medium temperature range 4. Strong anti-interference and good long-term stability 5. Direct contact with high-temperature medium to improve pressure response frequency 6. Provide rich pressure range of low pressure, medium pressure and high pressure

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Taizhou Jiabo Instrument Technology Co., Ltd. , https://www.taizhoujbcbyq.com