introduction Light plays an important role in the healthy development of the vision of minors. The current residential lighting standards in China are basically based on the visual characteristics of adults. Residential lighting is mostly designed by the eyes of adults, due to the lack of science in some residential lighting designs. Sexuality and rationality make the lighting arrangement of the living room adversely affect the healthy development of the minor's vision. Usually, according to the physical development, the age range from newborn to 18 years old is roughly divided into six periods: they are: neonatal period (28 days of birth); infancy (28 days to 1 year after birth) Early childhood (1 to 3 years old); preschool (3 to 6 or 7 years old); school age (6 or 7 to 12 years old); adolescence (about 12 to 18 years old). The visual characteristics and eye patterns of each stage of the minor are not the same. According to their different stages of age, the indoor lighting environment design is targeted, the healthy development of the physiology and the healthy development of the mind, and the reduction of strabismus and myopia. The occurrence of amblyopia has a good promotion effect. Visual and psychological characteristics of minors The visual development level of minors is roughly equivalent to the above six periods. According to the characteristics of the lighting environment, the visual development of minors can be divided into three stages, namely, neonatal and infancy, infants and preschool, school age. And puberty. Newborn and infancy This age group is roughly 0 to 1 year old, and the response of newborns to light stimulation is quite sensitive. It can produce blinking (blinking) and pupil contraction reactions. Two eyes of the newborn 2 to 4 weeks after birth can stare at the light source and follow the changes of the object. The baby 2 months after birth begins to look at the object and can follow the target to turn the eyeball. At 3 months, the baby can watch and follow the toy at will. At 5 months, the development of the baby's macular center has been completed. In the six months after the baby is born, the coordination function of the extraocular muscles is poor, so the eyes are prone to strabismus, especially when looking at nearby objects, and the adjustment function is perfected by 12 months. The eyesight of infants and young children is mostly hyperopia, and this condition continues until about 6 years old. The intensity of light plays a key role in the healthy development of the neonatal and infant visual systems, especially for premature babies (less than 40 weeks of gestation). Medical research has shown that premature babies are prone to retinopathy due to the undeveloped eyes of the fetus during pregnancy, in which light has a great influence on their sleep and wake up, and the constant, excessive light damages their eyes. It is larger than a mature baby, such as natural light from a window and direct light from an artificial light source. Usually the baby's eyelids can pass 38% of white light, which means that they still receive strong light when sleeping under strong light, so they should provide circulation, change of nature according to the baby's sleep cycle, body temperature cycle, and lactation cycle. Illuminated light environment. Toddler and preschool This age group is roughly 1 to 6 (or 7) years old. When children reach 1 to 2 years old, the coordination ability and visual depth of the hand-eye increase, they begin to be interested in the simple picture around and try to know the world, especially the TV image. Children between the ages of 2 and 3 begin to recognize the pictures on the books and try to "graffiti" on paper with their own hands. The visual function of children over 3 years of age develops rapidly, the growth of the eyes is gradually completed, and the pupils are close to each other. The children’s play activities in the house during this period are often in the eyes of adults, sometimes playing while watching TV. Some children will have their own bedroom after the age of 3, and the light will make them feel a sense of fear. Parents should fully consider the visual and psychological needs of the minors during the play and rest. School age and adolescence This age group is roughly 6 (or 7 years old) to 18 years old. The development level of visual function is getting closer and closer to adults. The time for minors to see near objects in this period is increased, such as watching TV, learning, playing computer games. Etc., the retina has a growing chance of receiving stimulation and is prone to myopia. In the puberty period, the speed of eye diopter increase reached the peak period, so the number of myopia in the middle school period showed a rapid increase. Illuminated light environment for minors Illuminated light environment in neonatal and infancy Since newborns and babies live in the same room as their parents, it is important to pay attention to how the lighting environment of adults adapts to the visual development of minors in this age group. Usually, newborns and babies are lying down (1) Cover the window with curtains to reduce the brightness of the daytime window, but it should not be completely obscured, otherwise it will affect the child's biological rhythm. Because the window is too bright, the eyes are subjected to excessive light stimulation during viewing, and cause the eye-catching reaction of the baby's eyes, which may cause the baby to squint for a long time or keep the side of the posture for a long time, so that the eyes are not exposed to light. Uniformity has an adverse effect on the development of the body and the eyes. (2) Indirect lighting. Direct illumination can cause damage to the eyes. Generally, the energy radiated by the light source reaches the wavelength range of the retina from 400 nm to 1400 nm. There are two mechanisms for spectral damage in this region: First, the thermal damage caused by the infrared spectrum emitted by the retina absorption source, Such as incandescent lamps; second, the blue spectrum of photochemical damage caused by retinal histochemical reaction, such as fluorescent lamps. The blue spectrum has a 100-1000 times greater damage to the retina than the infrared spectrum. However, the general residential electric light source does not cause damage to the adult's eyes. For example, the surface brightness of the fluorescent lamp is low (32 to 40 W is 8.0×10~). 1.1 × 10 cd / m), will not cause damage to the retina within the specified 8 hours. The eyes of newborns and babies are less tolerant of direct light and they lack self-protection awareness. (3) Provide circulation, changing natural light environment and illumination light environment according to the sleep cycle, body temperature cycle and lactation cycle of newborns and babies. (4) Improve the uniformity of room brightness distribution and reduce the sudden change of brightness. 3.2 Children and preschool lighting environment (1) Play space Minors of this age have a strong desire for curiosity and exploration. Their interest in television is increasing. Sometimes they watch TV while playing, so pay special attention to the quality of the lighting environment in TV and play space. The visual adjustment function of young children is not yet fully developed, lacking the ability to adapt to mutations, especially the direct stimulation of visual difficulties that are difficult to regulate and adapt to glare. If the background of the TV is too dark, the brightness of the screen and the surrounding darkness are clearly contrasted, which is easy to damage the eyes. Generally, the TV background should maintain a certain brightness, and the TV should also adjust the brightness, contrast and color appropriately. The brightness of the TV background should reach 301x, and the surrounding environment should be at least 31x. (2) Rest space Some children have their own separate bedroom. The design of the children's room should consider the safety of the sleeping area and sufficient play space (Figure 1). Parents should pay full attention to the lighting in these two areas. Like other places in the home, children's rooms are also Suitable for mixed lighting with general lighting combined with local lighting. The main light source in the room is preferably a ceiling light from the ceiling or a wall light on the wall, and the wall light should be fitted with a regulator, which can help the child gradually adapt to the darkness or use it as a night light. In order to eliminate the fear of children living alone in the room and to maintain good light when playing, the general illumination of the room should be slightly higher than the illumination of the adult room. The illumination is 50~1001x, and the 32W trichromatic fluorescent lamp can be used as the ceiling suction. For the ceiling light, Lumen-Micro is used to calculate the room illumination distribution. When the ceiling lamp is lit, the average illumination of the working surface (0.75m) is 40.51x, and the room illumination distribution is shown in Figure 3. At the same time, consider setting a 40W semi-direct switch that can be switched freely. Type or indirect lighting, the color of the light is determined by the child's preference. The semi-direct wall lamp has an average illuminance of 21.1lx when the whole power is separately illuminated, the room average illuminance can be adjusted from 0 to 21.1lx, and the room illumination distribution is shown in Figure 4. When the ceiling lamp and the wall lamp are lit together, the work surface average The illuminance is 61.61x, and the illumination distribution is shown in Figure 5. Taking into account the simple reading, writing, painting and hand-made behavior of minors, a coffee table can be placed under the ceiling lamp in the play area. The coffee table illumination is 75~1lOlx. It is best to set a movable floor lamp next to the sofa. Partial illumination can be used. Up to 3001x~5001x, but anti-glare and anti-electricity and leakage protection measures should be taken. As you get older, you can adjust the original lighting environment of your room. 3.3 school age and adolescent lighting environment The minors in this age group are primary and middle school students. In addition to having good natural light, their living rooms should also be scientifically designed according to their physiological characteristics. The living room usually has sleeping areas, learning areas, entertainment areas and storage areas. These areas can also be used in combination, usually in the form of general lighting and local lighting, and should also emphasize the liveliness, art and taste of the lights. Lights should be considered from the top left of the desk for good illumination and a comfortable reading position (Figure 2). At present, there are many reasons for the decline in visual acuity of primary and secondary school students. One of the important reasons is that long-term close reading under the illumination source causes eye fatigue, and excessive fatigue with the eye will increase the burden on the eye-regulating muscle. When the body cannot produce a sufficient amount of nourishment in time. The liquid in the eye mask and the eyeball, when the eye is in the "thirst" state, will cause adjustment, and further development is myopia. Modern medicine calls it "light source myopia." Due to the popularity of computers and digital teaching methods, some primary and middle school students have their own computers in their rooms. Therefore, it is necessary to pay full attention to the lighting environment requirements of VDT (visual display terminal). The visual activities of VDT mainly include reading or writing source files and identifying. Keyboard symbols, reading CRT (display) and other activities, the quality of the lighting environment should not only consider the horizontal illumination of the working surface, but also consider the vertical illumination of the CRT. When the ceiling lamp is lit, the horizontal illumination of the CRT is 601x, and the vertical illumination is 201x. When the VDT is used for a long time, local illumination is also used to improve the illumination of the environment. Shanghai's "Intelligent Building Standard" stipulates that the horizontal illumination is 500 ~ 7501x, and the vertical illumination is l50 ~ 3001x. The local illumination of primary and secondary school students should also choose the electric light source with good color rendering and no stroboscopic light. The choice of table lamp for local illumination is very important. It is best to use uniform diffusion material with power of about 50W as the lampshade. Incandescent lamp, to prevent the occurrence of glare, the illumination of the working surface is suitable from 300 to 5001x; the fluorescent lamp can use the DC-free stroboscopic eye protection lamp, and the high-frequency fluorescent lamp should be used with caution, because the electromagnetic wave generated by the high frequency has certain disadvantage to the human body. Impact, long-term use in a very close range has a greater impact. Such as DC no stroboscopic fluorescent table lamp, the illuminance can reach 300 ~ 7501x, while reading and learning to use local lighting, the environment should also maintain a certain brightness, so as not to cause visual fatigue, can illuminate the wall lamp as ambient light (Figure 6), The vertical illumination of the wall can reach 101x or more (the combination of other lights in the room is the same as that of the children and preschool rooms, see Figures 4-6). Many primary and secondary school students like to read in bed. In addition to paying attention to good reading posture, they should also fully consider the illumination of bedside reading. This can be set up with a 40W folding bar type bedside lamp that can freely adjust the direction, angle and brightness of the illumination ( figure 2). summary According to the visual characteristics of minors, reasonable illuminance distribution, light color selection and illumination mode selection for minors' indoor lighting environment are beneficial to improve their visual environment for physiological and psychological characteristics of different age groups. , maintain good vision and healthy psychology. Sterilization Card Bags Guangzhou Ehang Electronic Co., Ltd. , https://www.ehangmobile.com