Conditions and requirements for the economic operation of power transformers

On the basis of ensuring the safe operation of the transformer and satisfying the quality and reliability of the power supply to the user, the economic operation of the power transformer fully utilizes the equipment conditions of the substation, selects the operation mode of the transformer, reduces the energy loss of the transformer itself, and improves the power of the power supply side. Factor to achieve the goal of reducing energy saving. The determination of power supply load and transformer capacity and number is related to the way of transformer economic operation. The implementation of transformer economic operation is closely related to the number and capacity of transformers in the substation and the performance and loss parameters of the transformer. It is based on the premise of ensuring safe and reliable power supply. An integrated economic and technological activity runs through the entire process of design, maintenance, and decommissioning of power transformers; factors and conditions must be considered in substation construction, expansion, and transformer capacity expansion; And the substation equipment itself should generally have and meet the following conditions, which should be fully considered in the design and selection of the transformer.

(1) New substation construction in phases, considering the increase of load, when there is only one transformer in the first phase, the capacity of the transformer should be determined according to the final scale. The load ratio of the transformer should be close to the optimal economic operation area, generally below 75%. If the expansion is not carried out in the short term, the transformer should not be operated at full capacity.

(2) Multiple transformers operating in parallel shall meet the parallel conditions, that is, the junction group has the same phase relationship; the voltage and transformation ratio are the same, the allowable deviation is the same, and the voltage of each stage in the voltage regulation range is the same; Due to the electromotive force difference, a circulating current is generated, which affects the capacity output and burns out the transformer. The short-circuit impedance is the same, the control is within the allowable deviation range of 10% (1); the capacity ratio is between 0.5 and 2; the load distribution is ensured to be uniform, the transformer with short-circuit impedance and small capacity is prevented from being overloaded, and the transformer with large capacity and short-circuit impedance is owed. Load, the size of the short-circuit impedance must meet the requirements of the system short-circuit current, otherwise it should take restrictions.

(3) The technical parameters of the power transformer should be selected based on the overall reliability of the transformer, taking into account the advancement and rationality of the technical parameters, taking into account the impact on the system safety, taking full account of the inherent loss of the transformer itself, and the load loss. When basically the same, try to use a transformer with low no-load loss, and the load loss meets the national standard "three-phase oil-immersed power transformer technical parameters and requirements".

(4) When the power transformer is operated in the load area, the temperature of its windings, clamps, leads, insulating oil and insulating parts should not be too high. In the temperature limit specified by the transformer load guide, avoid high temperature operation and insulation aging. Accelerate and shorten the life of the transformer and cause damage (3). It is also necessary to prevent the transformer from operating at a high temperature, causing excessive loss of the transformer itself, affecting the output efficiency, and causing unnecessary waste of electrical energy.

(5) In a substation equipped with a standby transformer, it is necessary to select a small transformer with integrated power loss (which should be included in the cooling power of the transformer) to be put into operation. According to the change law of the load, the optimal combination mode should be selected reasonably. The load, increase the load rate, increase the power factor, and make the transformer work in the preferred section of the economic operating zone.

(6) The average load factor of the economic operation zone of a single transformer, the upper limit of β is 1, and the lower limit is Pk/Po, (where Pk is the no-load loss of the transformer and Po is the rated load loss); the average load of the operating section is preferred in the economic operation zone. The coefficient, the upper limit of β is 0.75, and the lower limit is 1.33 (Pk/Po).

(7) The economic operation of the transformer must be established under the premise of safe and reliable power supply. The standby transformer should be equipped with reliable automatic input devices to ensure automatic operation when the transformer is faulty, ensuring that the normal power supply is not interrupted.

(8) Arrange the parallel operation mode of the transformer, and calculate the rated breaking capacity of the tie switch to prevent the system from being damaged due to insufficient switch interruption capacity when the system is short-circuited, affecting the automatic isolation of the fault point; When self-propelled, it should be able to automatically disconnect the other power supply connected to the bus side.

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