Portable device power supply design strategy

Tag: ESD DC-DC

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From the perspective of product definition planners, the two most important power supply design metrics for portable devices are continuous working time and standby time. So, for a system design engineer responsible for product development, what aspects can we make these two indicators perform optimally?

Obviously, we should first consider how to increase the power supply. If we can solve this problem at the source, that is, to find a battery with a higher power density than the existing lithium-ion battery, the continuous working time and standby time performance of all popular portable devices can be greatly improved.

In this regard, the industry has both good news and bad news. The good news is that fuel cells that are 1.5 times or twice as powerful as existing lithium-ion batteries are nearing commercialization. For example, US fuel cell supplier MTI Micro has overcome three major obstacles on the road to commercialization, namely the effluent of fuel cells, the use of cheap methanol as raw materials, and miniaturization. Samsung has developed a prototype of a fuel cell-based digital camera and mobile phone. Toshiba also introduced a Gigabeat MP3 player using a micro fuel cell in 2002.

However, the bad news is that many people in the industry still think that the price of fuel cells is still a bit expensive, which is difficult for consumers electronics manufacturers with increasingly low profits to accept immediately. For example, Andy Khayat, director of marketing for Micrel Power Products, said: “Although high-performance fuel cells for consumer electronics have been available for several years, their prices are still too high and there is concern that flammable liquid fuels are potentially reliable. Sexual issues. Therefore, the representative consumer electronics market has not yet received fuel cells, and it will take longer for the mass consumer electronics market to accept, and it may have to wait until after 2015."

Tony Armstrong, director of product marketing at Linear Technology's Power Products Division, also said: "Although fuel cells have proven their effectiveness in the lab, some have even been commercialized. However, due to their thermal and update issues There are difficulties in management, so the success is limited. In fact, from a commercial point of view, there is still a distance between fuel cells to become an ideal power source for mobile computers."

It is precisely because of such practical problems that the industry is currently working hard to reduce power consumption, improve power conversion efficiency, and reduce quiescent current/leakage current.

In order to reduce power consumption as much as possible, system development engineers generally adopt two methods at the same time, one is to optimize the circuit design as much as possible; the other is to find the lowest possible power consumption in the same device.

In order to maximize the power conversion efficiency, system engineers generally use two methods at the same time. One is to use devices with high power conversion efficiency as much as possible, such as class D power amplifier instead of class AB power amplifier, and switch type DC-DC. The converter replaces the LDO; the second is to use various measures (PWM/PFM modulation mode conversion, change the supply voltage and operating frequency, etc.) to improve the power conversion efficiency under various load conditions.

The main reason for reducing the quiescent current/leakage current is to increase the standby time as much as possible. In this respect, the only way for system engineers to use is to design devices with the same quiescent current/leakage current as possible.

In addition, there is another power problem that should be paid special attention to is electrostatic (ESD) protection. ESD protection is not enough. Many products cannot be exported to important European, American and Japanese markets. Therefore, ESD control is a necessity for portable products, not an option. ESD is a common problem faced by the entire electronics industry. Electronic products are affected or even damaged by ESD in every aspect of design, production, packaging, testing, and handling.

But while ESD is important, it does not mean that resources must be evenly distributed to protect against the impact of ESD for manufacturing and design processes. In fact, it is not wise to spend too much resources on ESD protection at the component level. We should focus more on ESD protection at the system level.

Of course, for system design engineers, system-level ESD protection mechanisms should not only make electronic components and systems more resistant to ESD shocks, but must also be fully considered for cost, technology, and customer needs.

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