1) 5G demand and network function mapping

The 5G vision defines a richer business scenario and new business indicators. The 5G system cannot be reduced to pure air interface technology replacement and peak rate improvement. The requirements and capability indicators need to be deduced to the network side to clarify the current network challenges and development directions. Provide support through innovation on the network side, see Table 1.

Table 1 5G vision, live network challenge and architecture evolution direction mapping

(1) Indicators

First, the change of service rate with user movement and coverage changes is the basic knowledge of mobile communication systems. It cannot provide stable experience rate support. It needs to change the traditional “terminal-base station” one-to-one transmission mechanism and introduce joint multi-site coordination to smooth. And guaranteed rate;

Secondly, the millisecond delay is another challenge. The current gateway and service server are generally deployed in the network center, which is limited by the optical transmission rate. The transmission delay in the network is mostly on the order of 100 milliseconds, far exceeding the 5G delay requirement. It is possible to sink the gateway and the service server to the edge of the network. In addition, the real-time service switching interruption time (300 ms) defined by 4G cannot meet the 5G high real-time service requirements, which means that a more efficient switching mechanism needs to be introduced;

Finally, the current network is limited to the central forwarding and single control function mechanism, which will cause greater congestion and overload risk in the context of high throughput and large connections. This requires 5G network control functions to be more flexible and traffic distribution more balanced.

(2) Operational energy efficiency

The 4G network is mainly positioned in the Internet access pipeline. It has long established a fixed-type and light-weight maintenance formula. The simplistic operation method is difficult to adapt to the requirements of 5G Internet of Things and vertical industry.

At the same time, the rigid network device platform based on dedicated hardware has low resource utilization and does not have dynamic expansion and contraction capabilities. This requires the network side to introduce a flexible and fast service concept and a more flexible infrastructure platform.

2) 5G network logic function framework

The 5G network adopts a functional plane-based framework design to extract and reorganize the network functions that are traditionally bound to the network element, and then re-divide into three functional planes: the access plane, the control plane, and the data plane (as shown in Figure 1). .

Figure 1 5G network summary level system framework

The network function is more highly integrated in the plane, and the inter-plane solution is more adequate. The control plane is mainly responsible for generating signaling control, network management commands, and service orchestration logic. The access plane and the data plane are mainly responsible for executing control commands to implement forwarding of service flows in the access network and in the core network. The functions of each plane are summarized as follows.

(1) Access plane

Covering various types of base stations and wireless access devices, the integrated inter-station topology is constructed through enhanced inter-base station interaction mechanism, and more efficient coordinated control is realized through real-time information exchange and resource sharing between stations to meet different service scenarios. demand.

(2) Control plane

Provide a unified network interface for 5G new air ports and traditional air ports. The control plane function is decomposed into fine-grained network function components, and dedicated network services are customized according to the characteristics of the service scene, and on this basis, refined network resource management and capability opening is realized.

(3) Data plane

The core network gateway sinks to the metropolitan area network convergence layer, adopts distributed deployment, integrates packet forwarding, content caching, and service flow acceleration, and completes service data flow forwarding and edge processing under unified scheduling of the control plane.

3) 5G infrastructure platform

5G network will change the traditional rigid hardware platform based on dedicated hardware, introduce the technical concepts of cloud computing, virtualization and software-defined network in the Internet, build a cross-functional plane unified resource management architecture and multi-service bearer resource plane, and comprehensively solve the transmission service quality. Basic issues such as resource scalability and networking flexibility.

Network virtualization implements unified "pool management" of the underlying resources, and provides a multi-tenant network environment with resource guarantees that are isolated from each other. It is the core technology of network resource management.

Introducing this technology concept, the underlying infrastructure can provide a fully self-controlled virtual private network environment for upper tenants, allowing users to customize addressing, custom topology, custom forwarding and custom protocols to fully open the basic network capabilities.

Introducing the technical concept of a software-defined network:

In the control plane, through the unified software orchestration and dynamic allocation of network, computing and storage resources, the connection between network resources and programming capabilities is realized in the telecommunication network;

In the data plane, by abstracting the forwarding behavior of the network, the flexible forwarding protocol and forwarding process customization of multiple forwarding platforms are implemented by using high-level languages, and resource optimized configuration for upper-layer applications and performance requirements is realized.

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