As a product closely related to life, the safety of cars is a concern for everyone. Especially in the parts that are closely related to control and safety, the reliability requirements are even more unimaginable. In order to allow automakers and their suppliers to create highly reliable products within a defined range, the International Standards Organization has developed a series of standards to ensure the safety of automobiles. Due to the large number of standards and protection fields, at the recent International Electronics Show, the semiconductor industry watch and Littelfuse explored a problem called “load-load protection†and shared it with you here. What is load dump protection? As we all know, the degree of electronicization of automobiles is getting higher and higher, and the number of parts that need to be powered on the car is increasing. This makes the automotive system face many technical challenges in the design process. Of course, the protection of various electrical hazards is also a key issue for designers. Load switching transients in power electronic circuits are one of the most important electrical hazards that need to be highly valued. Load dumping is a typical example of this, which is what the practitioners call "Load Dump." According to Dai Taichu, a senior engineer at automotive circuit protection specialist Littelfuse, there is a battery in the automotive system between various electronic control units (such as ABS, Airbag, etc.) and the generator. Under normal circumstances, the generator charges the battery, but when the harness is aging or the contact is bad, it will hit the battery and the circuit is disconnected (as shown in the red box above). At this time, the generator will generate a wave to the terminal. Surge voltage, because the voltage of this surge voltage is very high, and the duration is very long, it will cause great damage to the various electronic control units of the terminal. This situation is called throwing load. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the problem of load dump protection when designing. Dai Taichu told reporters in the semiconductor industry that the powertrain, BMS, EMB/ABS, engine start switch, 24V system, LED lighting, T-BOX, entertainment system, instrument panel and DC/DC converter are all needed. An application that performs load dump protection. Therefore, for suppliers like Littelfuse, how to ensure the normal operation of these applications and avoid the danger of load dumping has become the focus of their work. Doing a good job of load dump protection “The load dump is mainly affected by the three factors of maximum voltage, internal resistance and duration. Therefore, how to control the comprehensive impact of these three to ensure that the application works in the safe area is the key to load-shedding protection,†Dai Taichu said. "ISO 7637-2 and ISO 16750-2 international standards also make specific requirements for load-shedding protection," Dai Taichu added. ISO 16750 is a specification for how to face the safety of automotive electronics with the various environmental conditions and effects produced by the environment to ensure the safety of road vehicles. ISO 16750-2 is the electronic load test. . This standard applies to the electronic devices of any road vehicle. The main environmental conditions are 12 tests such as DC voltage and overvoltage. There is also a requirement for throwing load, that is, Pulse 5 under ISO 16750-2, which has two test standards of 5a and 5b. In the case of 5a, the test pulse provides the worst case. In the case of 12V, the US range is specified to be 79 volts to 101 volts, while the internal resistance ranges from 0.5 ohms to 4 ohms, and the surge voltage is applied from 40 ms to 400 ms. If the load-shedding protection is performed and 10 relevant tests have been performed under the specified pulse, then this protection is qualified. 5b is also the same test, but since the 5b test is for applications where a clamp device is installed in the alternator, the associated peak is reduced in the test standard. As can be seen from the relevant test data in the figure below, the relevant test standards for load-shedding protection are very difficult to pass, which means that there are many more issues to be considered for the relevant components and solution providers. Especially as a component supplier for direct function providers. Littelfuse throwing load scheme escorts cars As a world-renowned provider of protection solutions, Littelfuse is also obliged to protect automotive electronics. In terms of load-shedding protection, their most well-known product is its TVS tube protection solution, which is also the global mainstream load-shedding protection solution. According to Dai Taichu, Littelfuse is the world's largest supplier of TVS tubes, and its technology accumulation on TVS tubes allows them to easily meet the demand for load-shedding protection. In automotive electronics, Littelfuse offers TVS tubes from 400W to 7000W to meet the needs of load-shedding protection solutions, especially after the acquisition of ON Semiconductor's TVS diode product line, Littelfuse has more applications in the car. Littelfuse's SLD and SLD8S series of TVS diodes are specifically designed for load dump protection applications. From the introduction of Dai Taichu, we know that Littelfuse is one of the few manufacturers in the world that can provide 7000W load-shedding protection TVS tube. In order to provide customers with more diverse TVS options, Littelfuse will also introduce 5000W and 6000W automotive-grade TVS. It is worth mentioning that these TVS tubes are produced at the Littelfuse Wuxi plant and are better able to serve domestic customers. At the same time, the plant is also the production site for Littelfuse thyristors and semiconductor discharge tubes. In addition to the TVS tube, Littelfuse also offers a load-shedding protection scheme for the varistor MOV. Now they offer both AUMOV and AUML solutions, because the former is plug-in, the traffic will be larger, and it can be suitable for 5a applications, while the latter is basically only applied to 5b or other surge protection. Dai Taichu told reporters that a car will use dozens of TVS tubes, so they attach great importance to this market. Considering the rapid growth of the automotive market and the increasing degree of electronic electronics, the automotive market is bound to give Littelfuse more imagination. As a company founded in 1927 and a company that specializes in fuses for more than 70 years prior to its founding, Littelfuse has brought its regenerative fuses PPTC, TVS tubes and electrostatic protection to the forefront of the market. In the face of emerging market demand, Littelfuse is spreading its reach into power control and sensors, and expanding its product line through a series of mergers and acquisitions, the new Littelfuse will definitely help engineers.
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