1 The main problems in the production of energy-saving lamps in China The production of energy-saving lamps in China is developing rapidly, with an annual growth rate of 30% to 40%. At present, its proportion in the world has reached 80%. But unfortunately, there are still many problems in the production of energy-saving lamps in China. China can only be regarded as a major producer of energy-saving lamps, not a strong country. According to the author's observations in the energy-saving lamp production company's many years of work, China's energy-saving lamp production mainly has the following problems: (1) We do not have our own well-known brands that can occupy the world market. Some large-scale enterprises and companies in China are basically doing OEM production for foreign lighting companies or sales companies. As their processing bases, they are sold or sold abroad for the brands designated by the other party, so that they both occupy the domestic market. And foreign markets, but also a lot of profits, while domestic companies only earn a small amount of processing costs. This is undoubtedly a marriage for others. It is really a big problem that needs to be solved urgently. At the same time, in the domestic market, we do not have the well-known domestic energy-saving lamps brand, so when it comes to purchasing energy-saving lamps, it is difficult for people to choose some well-known energy-saving lamps brands as reference. (2) At present, most of the circuits of energy-saving lamps use half-bridge inverter circuits and use magnetic ring transformers. It is very difficult for general engineers and technicians to fully understand and master the performance of magnetic rings. How to properly select the magnetic ring to achieve a good match with the inverter circuit, reduce the loss and heat in the circuit, and improve the life of the lamp is still a headache for many practitioners. Moreover, the testing and processing technology of the magnetic ring is very cumbersome, and it takes a lot of manpower and man-hours. In the case of a shortage of labor in China and an increase in labor costs, the production cost of using a magnetic ring is relatively high. (3) The current production of energy-saving lamps lacks the right technical staff to supplement. The existing university graduates, or the content they have learned at the school, are out of touch with the existing production requirements. They do not play their due role in production and do not play the proper level, but are abandoned by the company; Or because of the problem of treatment, the problem of not using it, and leaving the job automatically, and finding another person, it is difficult for the company to retain the combined technical talents. The overall level of the technical staff of most SMEs is not high enough. Many people have turned from the maintenance industry, and have accumulated knowledge and experience about energy-saving lamps based on some knowledge and experience of the past, combined with the work. Some people have higher savvy and can solve some problems encountered in imitation and production, but they can only draw the gourds according to the sample, and imitate them according to the known samples. It is very difficult to rely on them to achieve product innovation. Unrealistic. (4) Due to the reasons described in (2) and (3) above, the quality level of current energy-saving lamp products is uneven. The average life of a poor quality energy-saving lamp is very short and can be damaged in a few months. This has made residents who use energy-saving lamps lose confidence, and has caused great resistance to the country's efforts to promote energy-saving emission reduction policies and promote the use of energy-saving lamps. 2 Discussion on the solution to the above problems In order to solve the above problems, the author puts forward some of the following immature views. 2.1 An integrated chip with independent intellectual property rights is produced by the manufacturer of the integrated circuit. This chip should have the following features: (1) With RC self-oscillation, the square wave generated by it drives the half-bridge inverter circuit, so that the half-bridge inverter circuit only has the power driving effect, and no longer has the self-oscillation effect, eliminating the magnetic ring. In this way, the designer can easily set the oscillation frequency by changing the RC parameters, and the operating frequency can be kept constant over the full input voltage range. Unlike the magnetic ring, the frequency is affected by the voltage change, and the frequency is high. When the power is reduced, the power is increased, and the heat is increased, resulting in an unreliable circuit. (2) The filament preheating function with no power consumption, through the internal circuit of the IC, the frequency at the beginning of the operation is changed in three stages (or two stages), from high to low, when the preheating temperature of the filament is appropriate, then the frequency is made by High to low fast sweep to trigger and illuminate the lamp. This method has a good preheating and protection effect on the filament without consuming power, and it is easy to increase the life of the lamp by a factor of 1. If the existing lamp without preheating has a life of 5 000 h, plus It is not difficult for the thermal function to further increase its life to 10 000 h. At present, energy-saving lamps rarely use preheating measures. Even if they are used, they use a PTC resistor with power consumption, which increases heat generation and reduces light efficiency. Moreover, this preheating method has a great relationship with the cold resistance of the filament. It is often not possible to achieve good warm-up. The use of sweep frequency preheating method can eliminate these shortcomings and achieve good warm-up effect. (3) It has an automatic zero voltage switch (ZVS) function, that is, when the voltage of the half bridge is 0, the drive signal is applied to the lower tube, and current is present to reduce the loss. Otherwise, if there is a current when the lower tube voltage does not fall to 0, the product of the collector voltage and current of the triode is large, the power consumption will be large, and the tube will be damaged by overheating. The main reason why the existing circuit is unreliable is that when using the magnetic ring, it is difficult to achieve zero voltage switching by adjusting the component parameters (not to mention that some people may not be aware of this problem at all). With the IC circuit, by detecting the midpoint voltage of the half bridge, it is easy to detect the non-zero voltage switching state, and the internal circuit of the IC circuit automatically eliminates the dead time between the two tubes, so that Will greatly improve the quality of the lamp. Through the two measures of preheating and zero voltage switching, the quality and life of the lamp can be greatly improved. (4) Two switching tubes required for the half-bridge inverter circuit, without connecting two switching transistors on the external circuit, the circuit assembly can be greatly simplified, the occupied area is greatly reduced, and the energy-saving lamp is small. Turn. The circuit board of the low wattage lamp can even be placed in the lamp holder of the E27. It is convenient to make the candle light. The circuit of the compact fluorescent lamp is shown in Figure 1. It can be seen that this circuit is very simple. Except for electrolytic capacitor C1 and inductor L, all of the chip components can be used. The placement machine and reflow soldering are not very complicated. The machine can form a high-yield assembly line, uses very little labor, and can produce energy-saving lamps with reliable quality and consistent performance. The use of IC chips will undoubtedly greatly improve the quality of existing energy-saving lamps. Figure 1 Compact fluorescent lamp circuit At present, the annual output of energy-saving lamps in China is about 4 billion. If one-third of the lamps can use such chips, the annual demand for such chips is about 1.0 to 1.5 billion. With such output, reducing its cost to an acceptable level for energy-saving lamp production companies and consumers should be no problem. At present, foreign companies such as Philip s, Fairchild and IR have such chips, such as UBA2024, FAN7710, IR2520D, etc., but the price is relatively expensive, and they have not been widely promoted in the domestic market. As a big country in the production of energy-saving lamps, China has developed such chips with independent intellectual property rights. There should be no technical problems. As long as the price is right, and the life of the products is improved, there should be no problem in promoting them. In order to reduce the cost, the author suggests to make this chip into 3 files, which can be divided into 5~11W, 13~18W, 20~25W according to power, so that all low power factor lamps are covered, which are used by producers according to their needs. . With a production of 1.5 billion or more, the price should be no problem. 2.2 Based on this chip, we will produce our own branded products. In this way, the quality and quantity of products can be greatly improved, which makes Chinese manufacturing and Chinese brands merge into one, completely reversing the unfavorable situation of domestic companies' OEM production for foreign companies. 2.3 The State should increase the implementation of energy efficiency standards for energy-saving lamps and introduce some effective policies to drive out some non-energy-saving and short-lived garbage products out of the energy-saving lamp market as soon as possible, so that people can buy reassuring energy-saving lamps. The state should also introduce some policies, adopt the combination and mergers and acquisitions method, and make the production of energy-saving lamps reach large-scale and intensive as soon as possible, so that some capable companies can become stronger and bigger, and like other home appliances, they will cultivate a batch. Well-known brands for consumers to choose. This issue is very policy-oriented, but I think that as long as the relevant departments take it, some practical solutions will always be found. 2.4 Set up majors in the lighting industry in existing universities, colleges, higher vocational schools and technical schools, and train the technical talents of the lighting industry in various steps, especially in the higher vocational and technical education to train the talents who make the energy-saving lamp manufacturers feel comfortable . For many years, the author has been engaged in secondary professional and technical education at the Nanjing Radio School (now reorganized as Nanjing Institute of Information Technology). This is a school that attaches importance to basic theoretical knowledge education and attaches great importance to practice. Her graduates have been deeply involved in employers. Welcome. I believe that in the lighting profession set up by higher vocational and technical education, the content of electronic circuits (including analog and digital circuits) should be strengthened to lay a certain foundation for familiarity with electronic ballast circuits and IC circuits; The basics of energy-saving lamps provide students with an understanding of the performance and characteristics of the lamp; in addition, courses on the use of components, computer graphics (using PROTEL software) and documentation. Schools should also pay attention to the practical activities of students during their school days, familiarize them with the various circuits of the ballast, and learn the use skills of oscilloscopes, especially storage oscilloscopes, so that their future debugging work is not based on sensibility, but on quantification. On the basis of, lay a certain foundation for their actual work in the factory. Since the price of instruments and equipment is now very cheap, the cost of setting up such a professional and adding practical links should not be too great. The graduates thus cultivated will certainly be welcomed by the employers, which will fundamentally change the current situation of the shortage of energy-saving lamps production talents. 3 Conclusion The above is my personal view on the development of China's energy-saving lamp industry, and it may still be very immature. Here, I will first introduce the jade for reference.
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