Academic plus observer As drones play an increasingly important role in modern military operations, drone mission control systems are increasingly highlighting their critical role in the performance of UAV systems . The main function of the UAV ground mission control system is to complete the real-time monitoring and management of the UAV flight status, load status and working status, and to ensure the UAV's efficient, safe and reliable system for carrying out its mission. The focus of the modern UAV mission control system is to solve the problem of information integration and decision-making optimization in the process of UAV combat missions, mainly in the case of complex battlefield conditions, assisting drone operators and commanders to achieve The state monitoring, flight maneuvering, mission planning and remote control of the airborne mission equipment provide the necessary situational awareness for the drone operators, ensuring that the drone can perform related tasks safely and efficiently under the control of relevant personnel. I. Typical classification of ground mission control technology for drones At present, with the continuous development of drone command and control technology, the drone mission control system can be mainly divided into the following categories: (1) Large-scale UAV dedicated task control system Large UAVs such as the US "Global Hawk", European "neurons" and China's "Pterosaurs" often have the characteristics of diverse carrying loads, complex task types, and wide range of activities. Therefore, such UAVs are often equipped with dedicated ground. Mission control system. Taking the US Global Hawk UAV as an example, the UAV ground mission system is mainly composed of a launch recovery unit, a mission control unit and ground communication equipment. The transmitting and recovering unit obtains the flight state parameters and system state data of the drone downlink in real time through the UAV communication link on the UHF, L and other frequency bands, and maintains the communication between the ground control system and the drone; the task control unit According to the relevant information provided by the data link, the real-time mission planning of the UAV is completed, the data transmission and load scheduling during the flight process are reasonably arranged, and a reasonable flight path is established according to the actual mission requirements, and the main airborne mission load is monitored and remotely controlled. Ground communication equipment is mainly used to implement data and voice communication between the task control unit and other departments on the ground. Among them, the task control unit usually has 4 worker seats inside, including: drone operator work seats, communication management work seats, task planning work seats and sensor data processing work seats. Its basic appearance is as follows: Figure 1 "Global Hawk" drone mission control unit (2) Universal UAV mission control system With the increasing number and variety of UAV equipment, the joint operations of various UAV models are becoming more and more extensive. In order to better reduce the deployment, maintenance and operation costs, and improve the interoperability of different types of UAVs, Fundamentally improving the efficiency of joint operations, objectively requires joint control of multiple and multiple UAVs to ensure their joint operational performance. To this end, a universal UAV mission control system has emerged, typically represented by the US Navy. Universal UAV ground control station - Tactical Control System (TCS) and the US Army's UAV Universal Ground Control Station - "Integrated System" Ground Control Station (GCS). Among them, the Tactical Control System (TCS) was developed by Raytheon from around 2000. The goal is to enable and control a variety of different types of shipboard and onboard hardware through an open architecture software platform to achieve mission planning. , command and control, and intelligence data reception and distribution, and is compatible with STANAG4586, ensuring that UAV-specific modules developed by different UAV manufacturers in conjunction with STANAG 4586 can interface with the core system to provide all of TCS Control capabilities to achieve interoperability between the various drone systems. Currently, TCS has provided ground mission control software for Northrop Grumman's Fire Scout drones and the US Navy's Wide Area Maritime Surveillance (BAMS) drones. The “Integrated System†Ground Control Station (GCS) was originally developed by AAI for its Army Brigade Tactical UAV “Shadow 200â€, which consists of two workstations installed in the S-788 cabin. Medium (size 8.5 x 7.0 x 5.6 ft), transportable through highly maneuverable multi-purpose wheeled vehicles. Since GCS uses Unix-based workstations, like TCS, AAI is currently conducting research on the compatibility of GCS with STANAG 4586. (3) Portable small drone mission control system In order to adapt to the use of small tactical drones, the portable small drone mission control system often has the characteristics of small size, light weight, friendly man-machine interface, simple operation rules, and easy to carry by individual soldiers. It can adapt to small tactical drones. The range of activities is small, and the load is small. The representative of the small UAV mission control system is the ROVER portable ground control station developed by General Atomics. The system is equipped with a dedicated miniaturized video information receiving terminal, which can directly receive the drone image information in the field and is friendly. A graphical user interface that provides operational commanders with complete real-time situational awareness and complete drone flight control capabilities. The system consists of an antenna, power supply, transport and portable receiver, with a total weight of less than 100 pounds. Its appearance is as follows: Figure 2 Portable Small UAV Task Control System Second, the main features of the drone ground mission control technology As the basic means for ground commanders to operate drones, the ground mission control system has a direct impact on the overall operational performance of the drone system. From the current situation, this system mainly presents the following development trends: (1) More comprehensive interoperability With the continuous development of drone technology and the deepening of application, the ground mission control system will have more and more compatible interoperability. This type of system generally adopts an open architecture, which can be compatible with and access to many different types of data interfaces and protocol standards. It can support real-time monitoring of multiple models, real-time management of multiple types of payloads, and reception of multiple data links. Handling and realizing a few ground stations can effectively manage multiple multi-type and multi-type drones, and fundamentally improve the cost-effectiveness of the drone system. At the same time, the ground mission control system will adopt more modular design and use a large number of commercial shelf (COTS) hardware and software, making the system easier to deploy, upgrade and maintain. (2) More intelligent human-computer interaction ability Some data show that human factors are the main cause of drone accidents. Therefore, the development of future mission control systems and technologies will inevitably draw on the development results of current human-computer interaction technologies to provide operators with more comprehensive, clear, intuitive and friendly people. Machine operation interface, which further improves the personnel operation experience, reduces the workload of the operator, and ensures flight safety and task efficiency. Taking Raytheon's UCS system as an example, the system uses immersive display technology to create a high-fidelity cockpit environment for the control personnel, and fully inherits the flight instrument and parameter display interface styles in the mainstream aircraft cockpit, making it easy for operators to obtain Good situational awareness, manipulating up to eight heterogeneous aerial unmanned platforms simultaneously under a low workload. The basic look of the system is as follows: Figure 3 UCS system with immersive display (3) Have more powerful mission planning capabilities With the continuous enhancement of the situational awareness of drones, the future ground mission control system will be able to undertake mission planning tasks more efficiently and conveniently. The mission control system should be able to provide a clearer and more accurate global human-machine interface, which can realize the integrated presentation of terrain, route, landing and landing airport, runway, obstacles, load status, flight parameters and other elements, thus bringing commanders A more comprehensive visual experience and 3D situational awareness. At the same time, the system should adopt an open software architecture and provide various types of task optimization calculation services including route, load, mission, performance, tactics, etc. based on componentization, so as to better provide route planning, load configuration, performance calculation. Real-time task management capabilities, link management, simulation training, etc., with rapid mission planning and decision making capabilities. 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