The smart grid is an emerging network based on the physical grid, which integrates so-called sensing measurement methods, communication methods, information technology, control technology, computer technology and physical grid. It is based on the UHV grid as the backbone network, and the power grids at all levels coordinately develop the types of power networks with information, digitization, automation and interaction. Its main feature is the full control of the entire grid. The biggest feature of the grid is that production and consumption occur at the same time, which is very demanding on network control.

The purpose of smart grid construction is to make the grid itself more intelligent in order to cope with the impact of renewable energy access and distributed generation on grid security and meet the requirements of providing a service platform for real-time power balance. The grid-connected technology in the smart grid is to build a new energy combination such as solar energy, wind energy and tidal energy, to solve the problem of grid connection of wind power, coal power and hydropower in the central and western regions. Smart grid technology organically integrates advanced sensing, communication, automatic control and other technologies. It has the characteristics of self-management and recovery, strong compatibility, and its rapid development provides a good technical guarantee for the seamless integration of clean energy.

At present, in the process of coping with the international financial crisis, in order to seize the commanding heights of the future economy and science and technology development, developed countries have generally accelerated the development of new energy, new materials, information network technology, energy conservation and environmental protection and other high-tech industries and emerging industries. From the perspective of the development of power grid, the important part of energy supply, vigorously promoting the construction of smart grid has become a new trend in the development of the world power grid.

China's most important coal resources are located in the northern and western regions of Shanxi, Inner Mongolia, Shaanxi, Xinjiang, etc., but the areas with relatively large coal consumption are mainly distributed in the central and eastern regions. As China's energy development accelerates, moving westward and northward is a general trend, which has directly led to the distance between large coal energy bases and energy consumption sites. The eastern region is not suitable for large-scale development of coal-fired power plants due to constraints such as land, environmental protection and transportation. To meet the ever-increasing power demand in the future, fundamentally solve the problems of frequent and frequent occurrence of coal-electricity transportation, and promote the intensive development of large-scale coal energy bases, it is necessary to adopt intelligent grid-connected technology to develop UHV grids and implement large-scale power generation. Scale, long-distance, high-efficiency transportation, together with the intensive development and utilization of large hydropower, large nuclear power, and large-scale renewable energy bases, form a nationwide resource optimization allocation pattern. Only in this way can the transmission capacity and operational control flexibility of the power grid be significantly improved, and the power grid optimal allocation resources can be maximized; the comprehensive utilization efficiency of power generation equipment can be significantly improved, energy use efficiency can be improved, and energy conservation and emission reduction can be promoted.

Vigorously developing and utilizing new clean energy sources to reduce air pollution and the greenhouse effect has become an important indicator for measuring the sustainable development of a country. At present, China has also adapted to the changes of the times, and timely proposed a unified intelligent grid for informationization, digitization, automation and interaction. Its significance and purpose are to improve the operational safety and efficiency of the grid. Smart grids make new energy generation more accessible. The large-scale centralized grid-connected power station has perfect system design, maintenance and monitoring management. The power grid can realize information exchange and dispatch management between the grid-connected power station system, and has some characteristics and basic requirements of the smart grid. The new energy grid-connected power generation system can be widely distributed to end users of the distribution network. At the same time, the launch of new energy power generation and smart grid grid connection will undoubtedly greatly promote the commercial operation of solar photovoltaic power generation, which has far-reaching significance for China's energy conservation and consumption reduction; at the same time, it can also accelerate the technological innovation of photovoltaic enterprises and reduce the cost of photovoltaic power generation. In turn, the development of the entire solar photovoltaic industry is promoted.

The real-time power market is one of the necessary conditions for realizing the grid-connected wish of smart grid. At the same time, the smart grid will provide perfect technical conditions for the real-time power market, which will certainly promote the construction and improvement of the real-time power market. In addition, advanced technologies and equipment such as superconducting, long-distance multi-drop DC transmission, and automatic control will be used in the smart grid to not only minimize network loss, but also improve the flexibility of transmission network operation, reduce congestion costs and other transactions. Cost; the development and application of information and network technologies and smart meters, enabling generators and power users to obtain economic information in the electricity market in real time, the interaction between power producers and power users and the timeliness of response, power market liquidity and transparency Will be higher and the efficiency will be higher.

"Grid access" has always been a constraint in the development of new energy. At present, there are still 1/3 wind power installed grid-connected projects in China, and the main reason is that due to the intermittent characteristics of clean energy such as wind power, real-time and accurate power generation and load forecasting must be adopted, and some special coordinated control methods are needed. It is possible to make it meet the conditions for grid operation. Therefore, it is necessary to reasonably plan and design the installation location and capacity of the clean power supply, and analyze the "bundled output" of wind power, photovoltaic, thermal power, water and electricity, etc., effectively use clean energy and improve power supply reliability. At the same time, speed up the formulation of various clean power grid-connected technical standards to ensure that new energy sources are connected to the Internet in a timely manner.

One of the main advantages of photovoltaic grid-connected power generation is the replacement of fossil fuel consumption. Since photovoltaic grid-connected power generation increases the rotating standby or hot standby of the rotating generator of the power plant, the actual consumption reduction ratio of photovoltaic grid-connected power generation should be deducted from the energy lost by rotating standby or hot standby. Since the power system operates as a whole, photovoltaic grid-connected power generation to the power grid will infringe the interests of other power producers, which is also a problem that policy makers need to consider. Whether the emission reduction effect brought by photovoltaic power generation should only consider the sulfur dioxide and carbon dioxide emitted by thermal power research remains to be studied, because when photovoltaic grid-connected power generation, grid companies are also considering grid security, stability and economy, so it is not only to reduce the output. It is a thermal power plant, especially when considering rotating standby, and not just a hydropower plant to undertake the task of rotating standby.

The grid-connected photovoltaic inverter system generally consists of a photovoltaic array, a converter and a controller, wherein the converter can invert the electric energy generated by the photovoltaic cell into a sinusoidal current and into the grid, and the controller mainly controls the tracking of the maximum power point of the photovoltaic cell, and The waveform and power of the grid-connected current of the inverter are such that the power transferred to the grid matches the maximum power of the photovoltaic array.

Among them, solar photovoltaic power generation is one of the most promising ways of new energy and renewable energy. It can convert the direct current of photovoltaic cell components into inverters and then transfer energy to the grid, which can be relieved to a certain extent. The problem of energy shortage will not cause any pollution to the environment. The construction of solar grid-connected power station is a systematic and complex project. From design to completion, from product procurement to commissioning, it involves many majors such as optics, electrical, electronics, communication, mechanics and materials. Good coordination and cooperation.

China is vigorously developing clean energy such as wind energy and solar energy. However, these new energy sources are discontinuous or intermittent. Small hydropower is also affected by the climate. It is rainy and does not occur in dry weather. These power supplies all require an energy storage device to match them. For a small-capacity intermittent power supply, it can be stored by a battery or the like, but for a large intermittent power supply, a large-scale energy storage device needs to be developed. One possible solution is to use excess power to electrolyze water to produce hydrogen and oxygen, and to convert hydrogen and oxygen into electrical energy through the fuel cell when energy is needed. At present, the efficiency of industrial water electrolyzers is between 60% and 80%, and the efficiency of generating electricity through fuel cells is between 45% and 65%. The technology of fuel cells is still in the experimental stage, so a lot of research on this kind of scheme is needed.

The primary energy source of distributed power is generally gaseous fuel, various renewable energy sources; secondary energy is distributed on the user side of cold, heat, electricity and so on. It combines power, heat, refrigeration and energy storage technologies to directly meet the user's demand for energy and achieve cascade utilization of energy to improve energy efficiency, save energy and protect the environment. The distributed power supply uses the internal combustion engine as the front-end part of the cold, heat and electric triple supply system; the gas turbine or micro gas turbine as the front part, the flue gas type lithium bromide absorption refrigeration unit as the distributed power supply of the rear part; the gas turbine as the front end part The waste heat boiler and the hot water type lithium bromide absorption refrigeration unit are distributed power sources at the rear end; the triple fuel supply system with the fuel cell or biomass energy as the front end portion. The configuration of distributed power supply can improve the utilization rate of thermal power units; develop thermal energy cascade utilization technology, heat, electricity, cold cogeneration technology and heat, electricity and gas triple supply technology to improve the comprehensive utilization rate of thermal energy.

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