EDA technology is electronic design automation technology. It is developed from PLD technology. The expansion of the application and integration scale of programmable logic device PLD brings great convenience and flexibility to the design of digital system and changes the traditional digital. System design concept, process, method. Through the continuous improvement of PLD technology, EDA technology came into being.

EDA technology is based on a large-scale programmable device. It uses a computer as a tool to complete the expression according to the hardware description language HDL, and realizes a new technology such as compiling, simplifying, splitting, layout, and optimization of the logic. With EDA technology, operation The software can be used to achieve a description of the hardware function, and then use FPGA/CPLD to get the final design results.

EDA technology is a comprehensive discipline that breaks the barrier between software and hardware and represents the development direction of electronic design technology and application technology. This article will bring you together to understand the development history, basic features, roles, classification, common software, applications, and development trends of EDA technology.

1, the initial stage: the early stage is the CAD (Computer Assist Design) stage, roughly in the 20th century, 70 years, when small and medium-sized integrated circuits have emerged, the traditional manual cartography design method of printed circuit boards and integrated circuits is inefficient and costly Long manufacturing cycle. People began to use computer to complete the PCB-PCB design, and replaced the highly repetitive and complex tasks such as layout and routing in the product design process with CAD tools for two-dimensional graphic editing and analysis. The main function is interactive graphic editing. Design rule checks to address transistor-level layout designs. PCB layout, gate-level circuit simulation, and testing.

2. Development stage: In the 1980s, it was the development and improvement phase of EDA technology that entered the CAE (Computer Assist Engineering Design) stage. As the scale of integrated circuits gradually expands and the electronic systems become increasingly complex, people further develop design software and integrate various CAD tools into a system, thereby enhancing circuit function design and structural design. This period of EDA technology has been extended to the design of semiconductor chips. The juice produces programmable semiconductor chips.

3. Mature stage: After the 1990s, the microelectronics technology has advanced by leaps and bounds. On a chip, millions, tens of millions, and hundreds of millions of transistors can be integrated. This puts higher requirements on EDA technology and also promotes EDA technology. Great development. Companies have successively developed a large-scale EDA software system. EDA technology featuring high-level language descriptions, system-level simulations, and integrated technologies has emerged.

EDA represents the latest development direction of electronic design technology. Electronic design engineers can use EDA tools to design complex electronic systems. Computers can be used to complete a lot of tedious design work, that is, to design electronic products from circuit design and performance analysis to design ICs. The entire process of layout is automatically processed on the computer. The technology has the following features:

1, top-down design method.

"Top-Down" is a new design method. This design method starts with the overall design requirements and divides the entire system design into different functional sub-modules from the top down, ie at the top level. Functional division and structural design. In this way, simulation and error correction can be performed at the block diagram level, and the high-level system behavior can be described using a hardware description language, so that verification can be performed at the system level, and then the mapping to the process library can be completed by the EDA synthesis tool. Because the main simulation and error correction process of the design is completed at a high level, this method is conducive to early detection of structural design errors, thereby avoiding waste in the design work and greatly reducing the workload of the logic function simulation. Improve design efficiency.

2, programmable logic device PLD

A programmable logic device is a new type of device that is programmed by a user to implement certain electronic circuit functions. PLDs can be classified into low density and high density. The programming of low-density PLD devices requires dedicated programmers, which are semi-custom application-specific integrated circuit devices. High-density PLDs are Complex Programmable Logic Devices (CPLD) and Field Programmable Gate Arrays, which are often used in EDA technology. FPGA) and in-system programmable logic devices (ISP-PLD), etc., which belong to the full-custom ASIC chip, only need JTAG way to connect with the computer parallel port when programming.

3, hardware description language

Hardware description language (HDL-Hardware DescripTIon Language) is a high-level computer language for designing hardware electronic systems. It is a software programming method to describe the logic functions, circuit structures and connection forms of complex electronic systems. Hardware description language is an important part of EDA technology and it is an important software tool in EDA design and development. Among them, VHDL is the hardware description language of ultra-high speed integrated circuits. It is the mainstream hardware description language in electronic design. One of the advantages of using VHDL for electronic system design is that designers can focus on the realization of their functions without the need for process-related. Excessive time and effort are spent on the factors.

1, verify the correctness of circuit design

After the design scheme is determined, the feasibility of the design scheme is first verified by means of system simulation or structural simulation. This can be achieved by determining the transfer function (mathematical model) of each link in the system. After the simulation, each circuit structure that constitutes the system is simulated and analyzed to determine the correctness of the circuit structure design and the achievability of the performance index. This quantitative analysis method has important guiding significance for improving engineering design level and product quality.

2, circuit design optimization

Component tolerances and operating ambient temperatures will affect the stability of the circuit. Traditional design methods make it difficult to fully analyze this effect and it is difficult to achieve an overall optimal design. The temperature analysis and statistical analysis function in EDA technology can analyze the circuit characteristics under various temperature conditions, and it is easy to determine the best component parameters, the optimal circuit structure and the appropriate system stability margin, and truly optimize the design.

3, to achieve the simulation of circuit characteristics

In the electronic circuit design process, a large amount of work is data testing and characteristic analysis. However, due to the limitations of the test methods and the accuracy of the instrument, there are many test problems. With EDA technology, full-featured testing can be easily implemented.

Based on the degree of involvement of computer-aided technology, we divided the electronic system design into the following three categories:

1. Artificial design method

This design method needs to be completed manually from the proposed solution to the verification solution, and the verification of the solution must build an actual circuit to complete the verification. The drawback of this artificial design method is that it is particularly costly, but its efficiency is extremely low, and the cycle is relatively long. Another point is that the current products cannot be completed by manual work alone.

2. Computer aided design CAD

Since 1970, the computer has been applied to Ic layout design and PCB layout and wiring. Later, it was developed to design circuit functions and structures, and logic simulation, automatic placement and routing, and other functions were added on the basis of the original. It can be said that the application of CAD technology has made gratifying results. But we can't be overly optimistic, because various kinds of software emerge one after another, each kind of design software can only solve a part of the problem, this causes the software to be unable to completely separate from person to design, the degree of intelligence can't meet people's demand.

3, EDA electronic design automation

After 1990 is the arrival of the EDA era. With the continuous development of electronic computers, computer systems have been widely used in the design of electronic products, testing of electronic products, and manufacturing of electronic products. As the performance of electronic products continues to increase and the precision increases, the time required for product updates is getting shorter and shorter. Correspondingly, the design of electronic products and the testing of electronic products and the manufacturing of electronic products must also keep pace with the newer ones. At the same time, EDA is also an inevitable product of CAD development and is the core content of electronic design.

There are many EDA softwares, which are roughly divided into PCB design software, IC design, circuit design, and simulation tools. The following briefly introduces several software applications in China.

1, electronic circuit design and simulation tools

Electronic circuit design and simulation tools include: SPICE, EWB, and so on.

1) The SPICE tool is a circuit analysis software developed by the University of California, USA. Because it is widely used and its functions are powerful enough, it is considered to be a standard for the simulation of the performance of electronic circuits in the world, with text input and circuit schematics. Graphics input two functions.

2) The EWB tool is an electronic circuit simulation tool developed by InteracTIve ImageTechnologic Ltd of Canada. The software can provide multiple types of virtual instruments that can be manipulated just like actual instruments. And the software can provide a wide range of components, complete devices, it mimics the function of SPICE, but there is no SPICE so many analysis functions.

2, PCB design software

PCB design software includes Protel, Cadence PSD, OrCAD, PowerPCB, etc. Protel is the most widely used in China. It is a circuit board design software developed by Protel Technology of Australia. Many polytechnic colleges have such courses, and almost none of the circuit companies do not use it. It can design circuits in all directions, and Protel has the advantages of ease of use, user-friendliness, etc. The circuit design and PCB design are the most important. Representative features.

With the rapid development of EDA technology, EDA technology has played a major role in the following two aspects. First, the application of scientific research:

Mainly application simulation tools, such as PSPICE, VHDL, etc., use these tools for circuit design and circuit simulation; also use virtual instruments to test products; apply CPLD/FPGA devices in the instrument; engage in the design of some ASICs or PCBs, etc. Etc., in short, EDA technology has been widely used in scientific research. Significant economic and social benefits have been achieved. Second, the application of teaching:

It can be said that almost all colleges and universities that have electronic information are set up. Whether it is a university of science and engineering or a liberal arts college, almost all have EDA courses. The purpose of setting up this course is to let students understand the principles of EDA and learn to use them. The HDL describes the logic of the system, and at the same time, it masters the operation method for simulating experiments with it, so that it can be designed simply whether it is a graduate design or participates in a work later. For this reason, China organizes a competition for electronic design of university students every two years. This is also a study of students' EDA technology. It can be said that EDA technology is an indispensable technology in the electronics field.

With the improvement of the level of science and technology, the replacement of electronic products is changing with each passing day. EDA technology, as the source of various types of electronic product development, naturally becomes the core of modern electronic system design.

Since the beginning of the 21st century, electronic technology has been integrated into the EDA field in all aspects. The EDA technology has made the boundaries between various disciplines in the electronic field more blurred and mutually tolerant. The development trend is mainly reflected in the following aspects: EDA technology must survive It must adapt to market trends and focus on technological innovation, while the focus of EDA product technology innovation will be embodied in two areas of system-level verification and design for manufacturability (DFM); the electronic design results will be independent intellectual property (IP). The way to express and confirm clearly, the reasonable application of IP is an effective way to speed up the product design process. The integrated design tool platform allows users to benefit from a unified user interface, avoiding the cumbersome operations such as data conversion between different tools; the description language has always been an important part of the EDA industry, but with the complexity of the IC The continuous improvement of the degree, starting from a higher level to describe the system is the description of the future development direction of the language; with the rapid development of EDA technology worldwide, the EDA technology based on the Linux environment will become the mainstream of circuit design.

EDA technology is widely used. Nowadays it has involved all walks of life. EDA technology levels are constantly improving, design tools are getting perfect, and EDA market is becoming more and more mature.

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