Behind any function, there must be hardware support, just like a digital camera is only enough to have a lens, it also needs the CMOS or CCD chip in the body, and, in the digital age, the level of this chip directly determines The grade of the camera. In the car, there are many more chips than the camera, which are called "electronic control units", which is the ECU (Electronic Control Unit). Many people think that ECU refers to the engine program, but in fact, the entire car's electronic system consists of a large number of ECUs, which are used to control various functions of the car, such as lights, entertainment systems, anti-theft systems and so on. As the electronic degree of the car becomes higher and higher, especially the functions of automatic driving and active safety, the ECU of the car will increase rapidly. It is predicted that the ECU in the car will reach 50-70 on average in the next five years. Now, with some cars with complicated electronic structures, the number of ECUs has already exceeded one hundred. However, this article is not about how much ECU can be, but how to simplify the ECU. From one to one to one to many To discuss this topic, let's take the example of the most popular automatic driving. In an autonomous vehicle, it may include different sensors such as lidar, millimeter wave radar, medium range radar, front camera, and rear camera. The usual practice is that each sensor is responsible for processing data by one chip. The amount of data and the amount of calculations that support automatic driving are huge, and these chips must be deployed on a CAN bus network (the Ethernet used by Tesla is too advanced compared to them), its problem It is: the network itself is slow. How slow is it? You can see the picture below: The network is slow, and the chips are distributed. The data exchange is not fast. The more chips, the lower the efficiency. How do you play autonomous driving? Turning one-to-one into one-to-one is a solution. Put these chips together and use a smaller number of chipsets or a chip with a more powerful computing power to work with those sensors. In the deployment of automotive electronic networks, this means simplification. If you want to add more functions according to the traditional automotive electronic architecture, you need to hang more ECUs. To strengthen computing power, you have to add more ECUs. However, as the capacity of data transmission increases. Large, by increasing the number of ECUs will not work. This kind of congenital and acquired advantages and disadvantages, people who have had experience in decoration should understand, just like hydropower transformation, if the foundation is laid in the early stage, the subsequent upgrades will be much easier. This one-to-many approach can be called "MulTI-Domain Controllers" in the car, but it is not currently used in production cars. When I visited the Shanghai headquarters of the component supplier Delphi, I saw a sample of a multi-domain controller: If you are concerned about automotive electronics in the past two years, you should know that Audi has exhibited an automatic driving control module called "zFAS", which can be understood as the "Audi customized version" of Delphi's multi-domain controller. Audi has shown two versions of zFAS, the second version is more streamlined and more integrated than the first version. It looks like a motherboard. Take the second generation as an example. The integrated chips include: Altera's Cyclone V SoC FPGAs, 32-bit TriCore Tm based mulTIcore uController, Mobileye EyeQ3, NVIDIA Tegra K1 processor for complete data, planning, and decision making. Processing, and, from the sensor to this "motherboard", the data is transmitted using Ethernet. Moreover, in addition to the autopilot function, it integrates many functions related to vehicle control. Delphi engineers also cited an example: When the LCD panel and the central control screen use the same processing chip, they will become a whole closer, and the division of labor will display different content to provide a better HMI experience. How important is integration? In fact, this reason is not difficult to understand. Maybe we usually buy a car and use a car to look at the appearance, power, and control. But in fact, behind these things, the car's electrical and electronic architecture is the real "skeleton." Most of the current cars still use the old bones, but the reality is that the car is becoming more intelligent, and the traditional electronic architecture is difficult to meet this demand (as already mentioned), so it needs The car uses a new architecture to deal with this intelligent trend. Of course, stronger computing power is a must. From another point of view, it is precisely because of the increase in intelligence, the car has higher and higher requirements for electronic security, and the more integrated architecture helps to better deploy the defense mechanism. The integration of the chip means that the car really becomes a whole. If the future car is a computer + four wheels, then "a computer" means bringing together the processing chips that went for the walk (of course, not all ECUs can be integrated). They all like to say "institutions", which is actually a change in the system. After talking back to autonomous driving, as the level of automatic driving continues to increase, the trend of chip integration will become more and more obvious.
Take a deep breath, close your eyes, the world has the freshest oxygen ... Yu Quan's "Deep Breath" is well known to us, but as the environmental problems become more and more serious, the haze sky also increases, PM2.5 PM10 and so on Vocabulary has also been mentioned more and more, and air purifiers have quickly become popular on the market with this "air quality" trend. Along with this, the air-clean brand has sprung up, and various technologies are dazzling. Which ones are indeed effective and which are just tasteless propaganda? How does the Air Purifier bother us to get rid of pollution? And look at the editors for you.
Analysis of air purifier
The critical value of PM2.5 content is 75 μg / m3
The pollutants in the air mainly include soot, total suspended particulates, inhalable particulates (PM2.5) and fine particulates (PM10). The smaller the diameter of the particulates, the deeper the part that can enter the respiratory tract. 10 micron diameter particles It is deposited in the upper respiratory tract, and particles below 2 microns can penetrate 100% into the bronchiole and alveoli.
1k-5k air purifier prices vary greatly
The air purifier products on the market not only have various functions, but also have prices ranging from thousand yuan to tens of thousands. The pricing of imported products is generally higher than that of domestic brands. Except for the core technology of many brands, the promotion of purification effects is similar, and consumers need to choose according to demand.
The air quality standard of 74 key cities is only 4.1%
According to the data of the press conference held by the State Council Information Office on June 4, according to the new "Ambient Air Quality Standards", the six pollutants SO2, NO2, PM10, PM2.5, CO and O3 were evaluated, 74 new standards In the first phase of monitoring and implementation, the proportion of cities that met the ambient air quality standards was only 4.1%, and the other 256 cities implemented the old air quality standards, and the proportion of cities that met the standards was 69.5%.
Air purifier sales increased by 90.5% compared with last year
According to a report recently released by the China Electronics and Information Industry Development Institute, due to the haze weather, air purifiers have become the most concerned home appliance products, with sales of nearly 2.4 million units nationwide last year, a year-on-year increase of 90.5%; retail The amount reached 5.6 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 105.9%.
HEPA filter needs to be replaced in March
The filter of the air purifier is the same as the filter of the water purifier, and it is not effective for a long time. After long-term use, the accumulation of dust on the surface of the filter will also cause the filter to gradually fail. Therefore, when the haze is more serious, the non-washable HEPA filter needs to be replaced every three months.
Merchants claim that the purification rate is more than 99% for the concept of stealing
99% or even 99.99% seems to have become a slogan for many air purifiers on the market. Many brands of products promote their high removal rate of PM2.5 and formaldehyde. In fact, this kind of publicity is more of a kind. The slogan of stealing the concept, the removal rate of 99% is the effect of the material itself on PM2.5 and formaldehyde, not the effect of actually running in space.
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