1 project implementation background

The mountainous and mountainous characteristics of Guizhou Province determine the characteristics of the highway construction in Guizhou Province, which inevitably has many tunnels and many long tunnels.

According to the requirements of the specification, a tunnel with a length greater than 100 m shall be provided with a lighting system. According to the actual operation effect of the tunnel, the lighting system is an essential facility to ensure the safety of driving. However, the long-term continuous operation of tunnel lighting facilities generates a large amount of energy consumption, which has become a heavy burden in the operation and management of expressway tunnels in Guizhou Province. It is imperative to introduce energy-saving and environment-friendly tunnel lighting to replace traditional lamps.

The Guizhou-Guihuang Expressway Dongmiao Chong Tunnel is the earliest tunnel for the application of LED lights in China. The total length of the tunnel is 420m and the design speed is 80km/h. The first phase of the project was completed in February 2006 and the second phase was completed in June 2006. . In the initial application, due to the low light efficiency of LED, the light decay is large. Although it meets the requirements of energy saving and environmental protection, the overall effect of lighting is still lower than that of high pressure sodium lamp. The lighting project of Dongmiao Chong tunnel is beneficial to LED lighting. Try and explore and accumulate relevant engineering experience. With the continuous application of LED lights in tunnel lighting projects, Guizhou Province has gradually matured in the application of highway lighting LED lighting, and has begun large-scale engineering applications.

Huangguoshu Tunnel of Zhensheng Expressway in Guizhou Province (left line 2603m, right line 2600m, two-way four lanes, design speed is 80km/h.

As of the long tunnel, the LED lighting was applied on a large scale. Compared with the previous LED lighting project, this project adopted a new type of LED lighting, which further improved the key indicators such as light efficiency and light decay. The structure of the luminaire is optimized for the characteristics of the tunnel environment; at the same time, the characteristics of the LED lamp are adjusted in terms of engineering applications such as luminaire layout, power supply circuit setting and lighting control mode; related power supply and distribution systems and closed-circuit television monitoring systems have also been improved. In the end, not only the expected energy saving and environmental protection goals were achieved, but also the lighting sensory effect was significantly improved compared with the traditional lighting engineering.

2 LED lighting features

LED is an abbreviation taken from the three words of Light Emitting Diode. Chinese translated as "Light Emitting Diode" is an electronic device that can convert electrical energy into light energy.

LED lighting fixtures are integrated lighting equipment that arranges a number of single-shaped LEDs in a specific manner and integrates power supplies, control chips and other accessories.

Compared with traditional lighting fixtures, LED lamps have the advantages of good light directivity, long life, fast response, no infrared radiation and no mercury pollution. At the same brightness, the power consumption is only 1/10 of that of ordinary incandescent lamps. Life expectancy has been greatly extended. At present, the efficiency of commercial single-color white LED has reached 90-110Lm/W or more. Although there is still a certain gap compared with the luminous efficiency of high-pressure sodium lamp of 100-150Lm/W, LED lighting has the characteristics of good directivity, and its light source utilizes The rate is higher. That is to say, the same lighting effect can be obtained by replacing the high-power sodium lamp with a low-power LED lamp. 1 is a comparison table of measured parameters of a set of 100W high pressure sodium lamp and 60W LED tunnel light.

The advantages and disadvantages of LED lights and high pressure sodium lamps are as follows:

The lamp of the sodium lamp has an illumination angle of 360°, and most of the light must be reflected by the reflector to reach the designated area. At present, due to cost reasons, the actual reflector light loss is large, and the structure determines the light source utilization rate of the lamp is low, only about 40%. The LED light-emitting diode has strong directivity, and about 90% of the LED diode illumination angle can be consistent with the illumination angle of the lamp, so most of the light of the lamp is directly irradiated to the designated area, so the light source utilization rate is high.

The high-pressure sodium lamp has a yellow color, and the color temperature and development index are relatively low. The color coefficient of sunlight is 100, while the color rendering coefficient of high-pressure sodium lamps is only about 20 (yellow). The LED light source illumination index can reach more than 80, and the illuminating color of the luminaire is closer to natural light, so the sensory effect of the LED light illumination is better.

The high-pressure sodium lamp bulb has a long startup time and requires a certain time interval to start again. The high-pressure sodium lamp can reach normal brightness after being energized for about 5 to 10 minutes, and the time interval for restarting is generally greater than 5 minutes. LED lights do not have a startup delay problem, they can be connected at any time, and work at any time, which can realize intelligent energy-saving control very conveniently.

3 implementation plan

The tunnel lighting design is based on JTJ026.1-1999 "Design Specification for Ventilation and Lighting of Road Tunnels", and the light distribution and lighting layout are carried out according to the tunnel level. The following is an introduction to the LED lighting project of Huangguoshu Tunnel of Zhensheng Expressway in Guizhou Province.

3.1 Lighting brightness requirements

The project is applied to the basic section and the exit section. According to the lighting principle and the characteristics of the luminaire, the illuminance distribution of the tunnel and the brightness requirements of different sections are stopped to accurately calculate and analyze. The test data is used to verify the calculation data and optimize the design to meet the requirements. For the brightness index requirements of different sections of the LED lighting scheme of Wulongshan Tunnel and the tunnel illumination distribution requirements, see 2.

3.2 LED lighting options

(1) Light distribution requirements for LED lighting fixtures

Light efficiency and uniformity are the primary selection criteria for LED lamps. At present, LED tunnel lamp manufacturers basically adopt the method of assembling LED light-emitting devices. The core of the technology is mainly the lighting design of lamps, which should be modeled by optical lens principle. And the method of repairing the mold, precisely controlling the light distribution of the lamp, so that the light distribution of the lamp achieves high light efficiency and uniform illumination.

(2) Thermal design of LED lighting fixtures

LED lighting devices used in LED lighting fixtures have rapidly degraded their performance under high temperature conditions and may be damaged. Control device temperature is an important condition to ensure the normal operation of LED lamps. Therefore, an efficient heat sink is an important condition for selecting an LED luminaire, and the heat dissipation of the power supply portion is particularly important.

(3) Structural rationality of LED lighting fixtures

The reliability and longevity of the LED light-emitting device itself are high, and since each of the lamps includes a plurality of light-emitting tubes, the failure of the single light-emitting particles does not cause the entire lamp to malfunction, and thus the reliability of the light source portion is high. LED luminaires mainly consider the following two points in the structure. The first is the reliability of the power supply. Since the LED lamp needs AC to convert DC, it must have a built-in switching power supply. The power failure will cause the entire luminaire to fail. Therefore, the reliability of the power supply should be considered in the design. Improve power supply reliability with redundant power supplies or other measures. The second is the design of the lighting circuit of the luminous tube. The influence of the single luminous tube on other luminous tubes should be considered. If the failure of a single luminous tube causes the other power supply circuit to be disconnected, the high reliability of the LED lamp cannot be exerted.

3.3 Lamp technical indicators

The 67W lamps used in this project are as follows:

Light source power: 67W light source composition: high power white LED light tube light source efficiency: 80 Lm/W color temperature: 4500K ~ 6000K color rendering index: ≥ 70 lamps adjustable angle: vertical 120 °, horizontal 70 ° input power: AC100 ~ 265V, 50/60Hz power factor: >0.9 Mean time between failures: 20,000 hours Light source life: 50,000 hours (brightness maintenance rate 70?) Temperature range: -30 °C ~ 55 °C Humidity range: 10 to 98% Protection level: IP65

3.4 Inspection and acceptance after project implementation

After the implementation of the project, according to the requirements of the design specifications, the tests were stopped for each indicator. The results are shown in 3.

The test results show that the brightness of each segment meets the requirements of JTJ 026.1-1999 "Code for Design of Ventilation Lighting for Highway Tunnels".

4 benefit analysis

4.1 Comparison of construction costs

Calculation basis: (1) High pressure sodium lamp: 250W according to 950 yuan / 盏, 150W according to 850 yuan / 盏, 100W according to 800 yuan / 盏; (2) LED lamps: 180W according to 2000 yuan / 盏, 112W according to 1800 yuan / 盏67W is calculated according to 1600 yuan/盏, 36W is 1500 yuan/盏; (3) After using LED lamps, transformers, power distribution equipment and cables can be reduced accordingly, saving a total of more than 1.6 million yuan.

According to the calculation, the construction cost is increased by 466,000 yuan compared with the high-pressure sodium lamp lighting scheme.

4.2 Comparison of operating costs

Calculation basis: (1) From the second year onwards, the annual maintenance fee for LED lamps is 1% of the initial installation cost; (2) The annual maintenance fee for high-pressure sodium lamps is 15% of the initial installation cost; (3) Electricity price: 1 yuan / kWh; (4) luminaire lighting time is calculated by strengthening lighting for 12 hours and basic lighting for 12 hours per day.

The original design scheme uses 926盏100W, 104盏150W, 252盏250W high-pressure sodium lamps, and is now replaced with 374盏180W, 132盏112W, 194盏67W and 1226盏36W LED lamps. In the case of better tunnel lighting effect, The total power consumption of LED lamps is 139.2kw, the total power consumption of high-pressure sodium lamps is 171.2kW, the power consumption is reduced by 22kw, and the electricity consumption is saved by 19.7%.

According to the calculation, the 5-year operating cost of LED lights is reduced by 2.4001 million yuan compared with high-pressure sodium lamps.

4.3 Construction and five-year operating costs Comprehensive comparison Considering construction and five-year operation and maintenance costs, LED lighting can save more than 1.93 million yuan.

5 Conclusion

It can be seen from the above analysis that LED lighting fixtures have obvious advantages in terms of operation and maintenance costs. Although the cost of LED lamps is still relatively high, if the cost of using LED lamps to save transformers, power distribution facilities, cables, etc. is considered, the increase in comprehensive construction costs is limited. If the operation and maintenance costs are considered at the same time, the overall cost is higher, and the sodium lamp scheme has obvious advantages, and the lighting effect is greatly improved. In the future, with the advancement of technology and the further expansion of production scale, the price of LED lamps will gradually decrease, and its economic benefits will be further revealed, and the social benefits of energy conservation and environmental protection will have far-reaching effects. Therefore, we believe that LED lighting has broad application prospects in the field of highway tunnel lighting and is the main direction of future development.

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