Cars have always been moving in the direction of comfortable and convenient transportation. However, in the Great East Japan Earthquake, the use cases of automobiles as emergency power generation devices and power storage devices have emerged in an endless stream. Can a car be a new "power source" and become part of the future social infrastructure? This serial will be divided into three times to think about the energy source of the car. (first and second time see here)

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In addition to the use of batteries (batteries) for electric vehicles (EVs) and plug-in hybrid vehicles (PHEVs) for emergency power supplies during disasters and power outages, it is also possible to supply parts from the battery of the vehicle to the home when there is insufficient power in summer. "V2G (Vehicle to Grid)", which is used to suppress the peak value of commercial Power Supply, has been increasingly adopted after the earthquake.

The previous article introduced the Toyota and Nissan Motors plans to pass the experimental project of the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry. Honda’s representative director, Hideo Ito, announced on May 23, 2011 that V2H will be introduced into the future development of electric vehicles. . This was announced by Honda’s “E-KIZUNA Project” press conference, which promoted “smart homes” and electric vehicles in Saitama City to effectively use energy. All three major Japanese automakers have demonstrated an attitude of active commitment to V2H.

Honda’s representative director of the Honda delegation, Mr. Ito Takahisa (left), and the mayor of Saitama City, Shimizu Yoshito (right), who agreed on the “E-KIZUNA Project”.

After the full popularity of V2H, electricity from electric vehicle batteries will begin to affect the power infrastructure. How much impact can this kind of "impact" have? Let us calculate it below.

The number of cars in Japan is about 79 million (as of the end of February 2011). Assume that these cars are all EVs with 20kWh batteries, and the amount of power that can be stored is about 1.58 billion kWh. Among them, if each vehicle supplies 10% of the amount of power to the power grid in 6 hours at the peak of power, the amount of power per hour reaches about 26 million kWh. According to nuclear power conversion, it is equivalent to the power generation of about 25 reactors. In addition, if these cars are all PHEVs equipped with 5kWh batteries, the amount of electricity per hour can also reach about 6.6 million kWh, which is equivalent to the power generation of about 6 reactors.

Of course, this is only an extreme case assumed to calculate the magnitude of the impact, which is not realistic. A slightly more realistic calculation is that assuming that 3% of all cars are EVs and 20% are PHEVs, the amount of electricity per hour is about 2.1 million kWh. In other words, it is equivalent to the amount of electricity generated by the two reactors.

FCV capable of supplying 100 reactors

Not only EVs and PHEVs, but in the sense of "power supply", the fuel cell vehicle (FCV: Fuel Cell Vehicle) is highly concerned.

In the early 2000s, FCV attracted much attention because it might become the mainstream of the new generation of cars, but now the protagonist status is taken away by EV and PHEV. There are still a lot of people who still think that the protagonist is a FCV. “In the long run, FCV has the greatest potential” (Mr. Watanabe, Director of the Fuji City Osaka Market Headquarters). In fact, the three major automakers in Japan (Toyota, Nissan, Honda) and the top 10 energy companies that are scheduled to start hydrogen supply business (JX Nippon Mining & Energy, Idemitsu Kosan, Iwatani, Osaka Gas, Cosmo Oil) On January 13, 2011, Western Gas, Showa Shell Oil, Dayang Riba, Tokyo Gas, Toho Gas, issued a joint statement on the introduction of FCV into the Japanese market and the construction of hydrogen supply infrastructure in 2015.

According to the joint statement, Japanese automakers and energy companies will jointly promote the "first to build a hydrogen refueling station, and then put FCV into the market from 2015". Specifically, about 100 hydrogen refueling stations will be built in Japan's metropolitan area, Zhongjing circle, Kansai circle and Kitakyushu area, and vehicles driving on the main road from the metropolitan area to Kitakyushu can be hydrogenated along the way.

The goal of the Japan Fuel Cell Commercialization Association (FCCJ) is to spread 2 million FCVs and build 1,000 hydrogen refueling stations in 2025. The Fuji economy predicts the trend of the FCV, and the Japanese domestic market will expand to about 1.6 million vehicles in 2025. The FCV is equipped with a fuel cell with a power generation capacity of 70k to 100kW, so it is estimated that the cumulative power generation capacity will exceed 100 million kW in 2025. This is equivalent to the power generation of about 100 reactors, which is very large.

Of course, if the fuel cell of the FCV is operated at full load for 24 hours, the fuel cell will be accelerated. Even so, in an emergency and when there is insufficient power, the vehicle user can fully satisfy the self-powered electricity for several hours. Therefore, in the V2H and V2G concept, in addition to EV and PHEV, FCV needs to be used as a distributed power source. Honda’s President Ito announced at the press conference on May 23 that the FCV will be used as a powerful power source to promote the development of electric vehicles.

After the Great East Japan Earthquake in Japan, the role of Japanese society in demanding cars is undergoing tremendous changes. The future issue is to improve social infrastructure and related laws as soon as possible in order to make full use of this new car function at home and in various regions.

In terms of quantity, household fuel cells are driving the development of the fuel cell market (a). However, from the comparison of power generation capacity, it is estimated that the cumulative power generation of fuel cell vehicles with a power generation capacity of 70k to 100kW per vehicle in 2025 will exceed 100 million kW (b).

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