The circuit often generates high operating overvoltages when struck by lightning and when switching on or off inductive loads or large loads. This transient overvoltage (or overcurrent) is called surge voltage (or surge current). A type of transient interference. For example, when the DC 6V relay coil is disconnected, a surge voltage of 300V to 600V will occur; when the incandescent lamp is turned on, a surge current of 8 to 10 times the rated current will occur; when a large capacitive load such as a compensation capacitor bank is turned on, it is often A large surge current surge occurs, causing the power supply voltage to suddenly drop; when the no-load transformer is cut off, an operating overvoltage of up to 8 to 10 times the rated voltage also occurs. The surge voltage phenomenon is increasingly serious to endanger the safety of automation equipment. Eliminating surge noise and preventing surge damage has always been a core issue related to the safe and reliable operation of automation equipment. The degree of integration of modern electronic devices is increasing, but their ability to withstand surge voltages is declining. In most cases, the surge voltage can damage the circuit and its components. The degree of damage is closely related to the compressive strength of the component and is related to the energy that can be converted in the circuit. Surge map Surge is also called a surge, which is a transient overvoltage that exceeds the normal voltage. It generally refers to a large current caused by a high voltage such as "wave" that occurs in the power grid for a short period of time. In essence, a surge is a violent pulse that occurs in just one million of a million. There are two reasons for the surge voltage, one is lightning, and the other is generated when a large load on the grid is turned on or off (including the switching of the compensation capacitor). (1) Lightning is an extremely intense electromagnetic transient process occurring in nature. Mainly through two channels to influence the power automation equipment. First, lightning strikes the lightning rod and lightning protection line of the substation or dispatching center, and the electromagnetic field generated by the transient electromagnetic field affects the electronic equipment in the surrounding space. It generates a voltage current to the closed metal circuit and generates an induced electromotive force to the open metal circuit. Since the effect of the lightning electromagnetic pulse is very strong, the induced voltage may be high. The lightning current flowing into the ground through the ground line causes the grounding grid voltage to rise, and a large voltage difference is generated between the grounding points in the grounding system. They may cause interference to the automation equipment, and lightly affect the normal operation. Can cause equipment damage. Second, the discharge between the thunderclouds on the lightning line, or the discharge of the earth near the line, will cause the line to generate lightning shock waves or surge voltages due to electromagnetic induction. This shock wave will invade along the line and be connected to the power automation. Equipment, causing work errors or equipment damage. If the lightning strikes the line directly, the surge voltage generated is more intense and the damage is greater. (2) When some large-capacity electrical equipment is turned on or off, due to the presence of inductance in the power grid, a “surge voltage†will be generated in the power grid, causing a surge current. Generally, regardless of the size of the device, there will be surge voltage. The problem is that the small-capacity device generates a small surge voltage and does not cause much harm, so it is often ignored. During the startup of the off-line converter, a large current is generated by charging the large-capacity capacitor. This large current is several times or even several times larger than the normal current of the system (so-called surge current), and this may cause the voltage of the AC line to drop, thereby affecting the operation of all devices connected to the same AC line, sometimes blowing. Components such as fuses and rectifier diodes. The diversity of operating modes and fault modes determines the different categories of operating overvoltages, including: arc grounding overvoltage in neutral point ungrounded systems, closing overvoltage of no-load lines, no-load lines, no-load buses and The breaking capacitor load overvoltage when the capacitor is opened, the breaking inductor load overvoltage when the no-load transformer, reactor and motor are opened.
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