Huawei Unicorn played the role of "dark horse" in the 3G chip war. The history of Huawei's Kirin chip is not short. In 2004, it was mainly used to make some industrial chips, mainly supporting network and video applications. Did not enter the smartphone market. In 2009, Huawei launched a K3 processor test water smart phone, which is also the first smart phone processor in China. Today, a smart phone is used to access the Internet, send messages, and watch videos anytime, anywhere. . . . . Major mobile phone manufacturers have racked their brains to add value to their products, screens are getting bigger, performance is getting stronger, and functions are getting more and more. However, many consumers often ignore one of the most important functions of a smartphone when it chooses a smartphone - network connection performance. Without a network connection, your mobile phone is like a "flight mode", and the PDA of the 1990s is nothing. However, in addition to the mobile phone manufacturers themselves, ordinary people simply cannot understand the connection performance of the smartphone. A set of devices used to test smartphone connectivity is at least a million dollars, which is difficult for average users to evaluate. Fortunately, China Mobile released the "White Paper and Terminal Quality Report of China Mobile Terminal Products" on June 29, 2017, which objectively evaluated the quality of mobile phone products on the market. As shown in the above figure, in the overall ranking of this evaluation, the Huawei P10 and the Glory V9 equipped with the Kirin 960 are equipped with the Huawei nova Youth Edition of the Kirin 658, which is divided into 3,000 yuan or more, 2000-3000 yuan and 1000-2000 yuan. The first model. In the top five models of the model above 3,000 yuan, the "Kylin core" mobile phone occupied three seats. Huawei P10, P10 Plus and Mate 9 Pro ranked first, third and fifth. In the communication capability test, Huawei P10 plus, Glory V9 and Changxiang 7 Plus equipped with Kirin chips occupied the first place of 3,000 yuan, 2000-3000 yuan and 1000-2000 yuan respectively. To this end, this article from the perspective of communication, starting from the popular science route, as far as possible objective interpretation of Huawei Kirin chips. 1 Speaking from the heart of a smartphone Smartphones typically include two major hearts: a baseband chip and an application processor (AP). AP is mainly responsible for processing and calculation of video, images, games, etc. The baseband chip is responsible for signal generation, modulation and demodulation, coding and frequency shifting, and also manages the transmission of wireless signals. It is the key to communication between the mobile phone and the outside world. Regardless of whether it is 2G, 3G, or 4G, the mobile communication network is composed of a myriad of distributed base stations (cells). When you call or go online, the phone selects and locks a base station to establish a connection based on the signal strength provided by nearby base stations. At this time, the information will be transmitted, encoded, modulated, converted, etc. by the baseband chip, and then transmitted to the radio frequency portion to transmit the wireless signal to the base station. On the contrary, the mobile phone will also detect, decode and demodulate information from the base station. In addition, the baseband chip runs a network protocol stack program that commands the baseband chip to tell when and how to establish a connection with the base station. For example, when we move, the mobile phone will traverse different base station coverage, constantly establish a connection with a new base station, and how to switch from one base station to the next, which depends on these procedures. These protocol stacks are the key to affecting the connection performance. If the relevant algorithms are properly optimized, the baseband chip can be optimally operated, the connection can be performed faster, and the connection performance when the signal is weaker is improved, and the experience is finally improved. Therefore, the quality of your mobile phone calls, the speed of the network, the strength of the signal, and even the power consumption, the baseband chip plays a key role. In fact, mobile phone certification testing is mostly done in the laboratory or under ideal conditions. However, in actual use, the network environment is extremely complex, and it is necessary to optimize the baseband chip design and related algorithms through massive accumulated network experience to improve the first-class connection performance and the ultimate user experience. 2 How to understand the performance of Kirin chip In the terminal quality report released by China Mobile, the VoLTE swallowing rate, download rate and anti-interference ability were evaluated. As shown above, in the communication performance evaluation, the Kirin 960 has the lowest swallowing rate and the best performance under the weak signal. In the sub-scenario download rate evaluation, the Kirin 960 has the fastest downloading speed and excellent performance in the suburban high-speed scene. Overall, the Kirin 960 has a prominent overall performance in communication performance evaluation. How to understand the performance of the download rate? The communication part of the mobile phone is composed of a baseband and a radio frequency series, which converts the digital signal into an analog signal (or vice versa), and then transmits it over the air through a certain frequency of radio waves to realize connection with the base station. One of the main culprits affecting the speed of mobile Internet access is interference. Interference occurs when users of neighboring cells use the same frequency at the same time. As shown in the figure below, when the two mobile phones A2 and B2 are located in the center of two adjacent cells, they will not interfere with each other. However, if the two mobile phones are at the edge of their respective cells, it is easy to cause interference with each other. Anti-interference coding, or error correction coding, is used in communication to suppress interference. This error correction coding process is performed on the baseband chip. In addition, in order to suppress system noise, feedback is set between the RF and baseband, and the algorithm for completing the feedback is also part of the baseband chip processing. Generally, the network reduces the cell edge interference by means of power control, that is, reducing the transmission power of the mobile phone at the edge of the cell to avoid interference. This power control is also performed by the baseband chip. Therefore, efficient and optimized chip processing can improve the download speed of the mobile phone. Especially in high-speed scenes, due to the serious deterioration of communication quality due to Doppler effect, it is best to express the connection capability of a mobile phone. Take the carrier aggregation technology of the current 4G+ network as an example. Carrier aggregation, in layman's terms, combines multiple independent lanes (bands) into one lane, which increases the speed of the journey (download rate). The combination of these "lanes" is not simple, because the frequency bands of different "lanes" are not the same (such as 800MHz and 2.1GHz aggregation), and the wireless propagation characteristics of different frequencies are different (such as the low-band propagation distance is farther). Therefore, even if the signals are from the same base station, the signal strength/signal quality of different frequency bands received by the mobile phone is different. This requires not only the radio frequency part to process signals of different frequencies to reduce interference, but also the final baseband chip processing. The final merge channel. In the same way, the cause of interference, data loss, etc. will cause the phenomenon of "swallowing words" in VoLTE calls, which also depends on the processing power of the chip. Kirin 960 has the lowest swallowing rate and the best performance under the weak signal. VoLTE is a VoIP technology based on LTE network (using IP data packets to transmit voice), but unlike traditional VoIP, which relies on the Internet “best effort†attitude, VoLTE has carrier-grade end-to-end service guarantee, all the way to voice. The data packet is green and consistently guarantees the quality of VoLTE calls. This end-to-end service guarantee is integrated with the LTE protocol stack and managed and scheduled through the LTE protocol. For this reason, whether on the network side or on the mobile terminal side, it is necessary to continuously optimize these protocol configurations according to the actual situation of the network to make it in an optimal working state. These optimizations typically include: reducing packet loss, reducing bit error rate/frame error rate, jitter cancellation, synchronization, and more. As an example, the above mentioned that Kirin 960 has the lowest VoLTE swallowing rate under weak signals. So in the weak signal scenario, how does the LTE protocol schedule resources to guarantee VoLTE call quality? The weak signal scenario is usually accompanied by high interference. In normal circumstances, VoIP will cause packet loss and swallowing. In this case, VoLTE will be managed by LTE protocol, and the quality of the call will be guaranteed by sacrificing network resources. The terminology is called occupying more PRB resource blocks. Unlike VoIP, Huawei's mobile phone VoLTE processing is done on a baseband chip, which saves power and enables better implementation of CSFB (VoLTE voice falls back to the GSM network). Of course, it is also necessary to integrate the LTE protocol to manage scheduling, and continuously optimize, and the network and the terminal cooperate to maintain end-to-end service quality. In addition, in order to provide high-definition calls, VoLTE uses AMR-WB high-definition speech coding technology to increase the audio coding range of narrow-band speech from 200 to 3400 Hz to 50-7000 Hz by increasing the sampling rate. Such a speech codec runs on the baseband chip. In order to optimize the working state of the speech codec, it also needs to be optimized with RF, baseband modulation and demodulation, codec to ensure minimum voice loss, and thus improve call perception. In short, smartphones need network collaboration to get the best working condition. This is a systematic end-to-end project. Whether it is the network side or the terminal side, it is the constant perseverance and perseverance of the communication workers. Behind the little smartphone, it’s not just that you take pictures and go online. Kirin has 9 series, 6 series and the earliest k3v2 series 9 series: kirin910 (T) performance is very general, glory 3 (4g) and p7 Kirin920 (925, 928) The rise of Hess, 920 surpassed Xiaolong 800, climbed the top of the rabbit, but was later surpassed by Xiaolong 801. Glory 6(p)mate7, glory 7 The kirin 930 (935) is almost the same as the 920 series, and it was steadily struck by 808,810 at the same time. P8, mates Kirin950 (955) Huawei's rise to another, beyond 810 and Samsung 7420, cpu beyond the release of the Snapdragon 820 (821) half a year later but the gpu is still 820 hanged. Mate8, p9, glory 8 series Kirin960 fills the gpu short board, gfxbench runs more than 821, but the actual heat will be reduced, still not as good as the dragon 821 (the gap is not big) cpu hang 821, basic and 835 a level (single thread slightly less) mate9, p10, Glory 9 Series 6 Series: 620 performance in general, low-end u p8 youth version, glory 4x 650 (655,658,659) performance and Snapdragon 625, 655 integrated cdma full Netcom baseband glory 5c, 6x, 8 youth version, nova youth version, nova2 (p)
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